Occupational and Health 28th August 2012 Environment and Health 2011 Hygiene Status Survey of Direct Drinking Water in Zhaoqing City Li Jianping Liao Yafen Gu Cuihong Zhu Zhanying 2 1. Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhaoqing, 526060; 2. Disease Prevention in Guangdong Province The control center method uses random sampling to monitor 120 paired samples of municipal tap water and piped direct drinking water. Results There were statistically significant differences in pH (pH = 6.63), total hardness (38mg / L) and total bacteria (18CFU / ml) between 120 municipal tap water samples and direct drinking water samples in Zhaoqing City (P0 .05). Conclusion The water quality of the direct drinking water system in Zhaoqing City has changed. Among them, the pH value and total hardness decreased, the total number of bacteria exceeded the standard, and the phenomenon of secondary pollution was significant. With the popularity of direct drinking water in pipelines, the relevant departments must standardize and adjust the sanitary standards for drinking water quality, and continue to strengthen the sanitation management of direct drinking water monitoring to prevent secondary pollution and further improve the sanitary quality of direct drinking water.
Drinking water shall be tested according to GB / T5750-2006 standard test method for drinking water. The evaluation of municipal tap water is carried out in accordance with the sanitary standards for domestic drinking water (2006), and the direct drinking water is evaluated in accordance with the Ministry of Construction ’s drinking water quality standard (C94-2005).
For data statistics, use Microsoft Excel to establish a database, and use SPSS12.0 software for statistical analysis.
2 Results 1 All test items of the two types of water samples: 120 municipal tap water samples were tested, 113 were qualified, and the pass rate was 94.17%; the unqualified items were the total number of bacteria exceeded the standard. 120 pipes of direct drinking water samples, 75 were qualified, the pass rate was 62.5%; the unqualified items were the total number of bacteria exceeded the standard.
2.2 Test results of pH value Analysis of 120 direct drinking water quality and municipal tap water samples showed that after the municipal tap water was treated by the purification equipment for direct drinking water, the PH value was significantly reduced (P 1 materials and methods 1.1 monitoring materials 120 randomly selected municipal tap water and pipeline direct Paired samples of drinking water for sanitary monitoring.
1.2 Sampling method Use alcohol lamp to sterilize the taps of municipal tap water and direct drinking water faucet, put water for 5min, each water sample is filled with a 500ml sterilized jar and two 2500ml plastic plastic cans, a total of 5500ml water samples are collected 1.3 Test items include color, turbidity, odor and smell, visible to the naked eye, pH, total hardness, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, aluminum, volatile phenols, anionic synthetic detergent, sulfate, chloride, dissolved Total solids, consumption, fluoride, nitrate nitrogen, arsenic, selenium, mercury, cadmium, chromium (hexavalent), lead, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, total bacteria, total coliforms, fecal coliforms 30 indicators. Only if all 30 indicators pass, can the water sample be qualified.
1.4 Inspection methods and evaluation standards The collected municipal tap water and pipeline direct occupation and health August 28, 2012 Table 28 Municipal tap water and pipeline direct drinking water detection situation (n water sample source pH value total hardness oxygen consumption dissolved total solids Total number of arsenic and chloroform bacteria u value P value of municipal drinking water direct drinking water Note: All the test results of the remaining 23 test indicators are less than the detection limit.
2.4 Grade comparison of total bacterial test results Seven out of 120 municipal tap water samples exceeded the standard, with a pass rate of 94.17%, and 45 samples of direct drinking water samples exceeded the standard with a pass rate of 62.50%. According to the rank sum test, the data obtained Uc = 17.93, so P 3.2 The result of the unqualified analysis in Table 2 shows that the unqualified water samples in the direct drinking water are all seriously exceeded by the total number of bacteria. It can be seen from the production process of direct drinking water and the function of the direct drinking water machine that water that meets the sanitary standards of domestic drinking water should be filtered and sterilized, and then further purified to be available for direct drinking. This result reflects a kind of The situation seems to be the opposite: the direct drinking water system not only does not purify and eliminate bacteria, but also causes secondary pollution of water quality to a certain extent. The reasons are as follows: â‘ The pipe network in the direct drinking water system is unreasonable, for example, the residence time of the water in the pipe network is too long, which is conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. â‘¡In the water-making process, the disinfection and sterilization effect is not obvious. Generally, the direct drinking water must contain a certain concentration of disinfectant in the factory water to play a role in bacteriostasis and sterilization. â‘¢Pollution caused by direct drinking fountains. Direct drinking fountains should be cleaned, disinfected or even replaced regularly, otherwise microorganisms will easily grow and multiply in the water outlet pipe and water outlet, causing water pollution.
4 Suggestions and countermeasures 4.1 Accelerate the research and formulation of relevant standards and establish a sound technical regulation system. The current laws and standards are mainly sanitary supervision and management methods for drinking water, comprehensive and functional evaluation specifications, and drinking water quality standards (C party technical specifications, etc., which are very inconsistent. 4. The country should issue sanitary codes and standards for direct drinking water as soon as possible So that supervision and law enforcement can be followed according to law and incorporated into standardized management; uniform use of standards and establishment of a long-term effective mechanism to ensure water quality sanitation and safety.
4.2 Regulate direct drinking water purification equipment manufacturers to improve market access system. The company's technical capabilities, management capabilities, and the configuration and inspection personnel of the necessary water quality testing instruments should all set clear and specific requirements to improve the company's self-regulation. For the characteristics of direct drinking water in pipelines: long-term non-use or intermittent use will cause the microbial water quality to exceed the standard 5. In the construction layout, it should be considered to install convenient disinfection and cleaning equipment, and arrange reasonable drainage facilities. The produced water is best to use immediately, long-term use will not cause bacteria to multiply. In daily protection, you can take measures to turn on the ultraviolet and odor disinfection equipment, increase the odor content, and adjust the operation cycle of the equipment according to the amount of water used, and add a water discharge device at the end of the pipe network to prevent the occurrence of dead water.
4.3 Popularize direct drinking water hygiene knowledge The health supervision department should conduct regular knowledge training on direct drinking water hygiene managers, establish file management, and vigorously strengthen the publicity and education of drinking water hygiene knowledge, enhance the drinking water safety awareness of the majority of users, and make the public aware of drinking water The importance of sanitation is to actively supervise the daily maintenance work of water supply enterprises, and actively clean and disinfect their direct drinking water purification equipment regularly to reduce various possible pollution factors from the source. Tests have shown that drinking water management is in place, and strengthening the cleaning and disinfection of drinking fountains and waders can make drinking water meet the requirements of the standard. 6.4.4 Strengthen supervision to ensure that drinking water safety and health supervision and monitoring departments should strengthen the supervision of direct drinking water in pipes In the monitoring work, strictly in accordance with national laws and regulations and corresponding standards, increase the frequency of supervision and testing, guide and urge users to continuously improve safety and healthy drinking awareness, use drinking fountains correctly, and resolutely stop drinking direct drinking water that has failed many tests. To find out the reason, take effective measures to intervene, and drink again after passing the test again. Only in this way can the occurrence of water-borne diseases be reduced, and it is ensured that unqualified products are blocked at the `` import ''
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