Analyze the principle of electron density meter and the field of powder testing
The electronic densitometer electronic hydrometer is a new type of specific gravity test instrument which combines modern microelectronic technology with Archimedes' principle. This instrument changes the cumbersome operation of traditional density test and realizes the rapid and accurate measurement of irregular samples. It can meet the accurate measurement requirements of sample density in the production of modern products and new materials.
First, the introduction of electronic density meter
The electronic hydrometer is a new type of specific gravity test instrument that combines modern microelectronics technology with Archimedes' principle. This instrument changes the cumbersome operation of traditional density test and realizes the rapid and accurate measurement of irregular samples. It can meet the accurate measurement requirements of sample density in the production of modern products and new materials.
Second, the principle of electronic density meter
Through the derivation and transformation of the buoyancy and density calculation formulas, the equation is first calculated by using a high-precision electronic analytical balance to calculate the weight of the sample to be tested in air (W1) and the weight in water (W2), and calculate W1-W2. Value, the density of water defaults to Ï=1, and the density value of the sample can be calculated by V sample=V drainage to establish the equation: Ï=W1/(W1-W2)xÏ water, which is the solid formula. If the sample to be tested is a liquid, first use a standard block of known volume and density as a reference, and calculate the formula by the density of water Ï water and the weight of the standard block in air (W1) water (W2): Ï Liquid = (W1-W2) / standard block V xÏ standard
Third, the electronic density meter is widely used in powder metallurgy, rubber, plastics, wire and cable, composite materials, magnetic materials, precision ceramics, metal processing, precision chemicals and other industries, product and raw material density testing.
Rubber specific gravity test: Density itself is one of the basic characteristics of rubber materials. Due to the difference in manufactured products, the addition of polymer formulations and the degree of vulcanization also follow. The density and hardness, tensile strength, elongation, wear resistance, deformation distortion, rebound, oil immersion ... have an impact. Therefore, in addition to its own characteristics, the density and volume of rubber will change with the degree of vulcanization and vulcanization before and after vulcanization, and its physical properties will also be different. Therefore, the rubber must be measured for density before and after vulcanization.
Plastic specific gravity test: a material obtained by polymerizing a monomer or a raw material by a synthesis or condensation reaction. Plastics are classified into two types, thermosetting and thermoplastic. Plastic pellets can be directly measured for specific gravity and do not need to be pressed into test pieces before testing.
Cemented carbide specific gravity test: The porosity of its products is generally <5%. According to the MPIF specification, it is a non-absorbent product. Cemented carbide is a high-density product, and the parts are die-cast, so there will be gaps and gaps in the middle.
Foreword:
The electronic density meter is composed of an electronic balance, software for calculating density, and accessories for density measurement.
Due to the continuous introduction of new materials, existing electronic densitometers are no longer available for testing applications.
The author studies and experiments on the basis of the application of the Archimedes principle. The density test of materials is divided into powder, solid and liquid. Express your experience as follows:
First, the field of powder testing:
Powder True Density Tester:
Powder true density
True density is defined as the ratio of the mass of a powder to its true volume, and its true volume does not include closed voids that are present inside the powder particles. Therefore, it is necessary to use a non-porous material to determine the true density of the powder. Depending on the medium being measured, the main method for determining the true density of the powder is the immersion method in the principle of Archimedes.
The pycnometer immersion method is to determine the true density of the powder based on the "Archimedean principle". The powder to be tested is immersed in an immersion liquid which is wetted and dissolved, and vacuum is removed, and the powder sample is taken out from a container of a known capacity to discharge a liquid of a known density, and the true density of the measured powder can be calculated. .
Second, the solid test field::
A, non-absorbent product density tester (pore less than 2% porous product);
The volume defined is that it does not contain open pores, or the open pores are not infiltrated by water, which is called Da by the apparent density (Apparent Density).
Non-absorbent product density meter
Measurement range: The density measured by the closed pores in the sample object.
Representative products: rubber, plastic products, hard alloys, precious metals, etc. or external liquids
A powder sintered product that can penetrate or a porous product with small pores.
Calculation formula:
Apparent density = (weight of sample in air × water density) ÷ (weight of sample in air - weight of sample in water)
Da=(Wa×Ï)÷(Wa-Ww)
Wa: the weight of the sample in the air
Ww: the weight of the sample in water
Ï: water density value
B: Water absorption product density tester (porous product with pores greater than 2%):
The volume defined by the open pores and the closed pores is generally referred to as the sintered density in powder metallurgy, and is referred to as Db below the bulk density (Bulk Density).
Water absorption product density meter
Water absorption product density meter
Measurement range: Contains the density measured by the closed pores in the sample object and the open pore densitometer.
Representative products: powder metallurgy, precision ceramics, oxidized magnets, soil, water-absorbing materials, etc. or powders that can be infiltrated by external liquids
Sintered products or porous products with large pores.
Calculation formula:
Bulk density = (weight of unoiled sample in air x water density value) ÷ (weight of sample in air after water repellency or after oil immersion - weight of sample in water after water repellency or after oil bleed).
Db=(Wa×Ï)÷(Wb-Ww)
Wa: the weight of the sample in the air
Wb: the weight of the sample in the air after waterproofing or oil leakage
Ww: the weight of the sample in water after waterproofing or after oil leakage
Ï: water density value
Third, the liquid:
True solution: The true solution is clear, and the particles of the dissolved substance are present in the solution as molecules or ions. Electronic density meter
The buoyancy or displacement method can be easily tested.
When there is a mixture of solid particles in the liquid, usually the size of the particles is between 1 μm and 1 nm. If the particles are larger than > 1 μm, it is designated as a coarse dispersion, and if the particles are smaller than < 1 nm, it is a molecular dispersion.
A. Suspension: For example: disperse paint, ceramic slurry, abrasive liquid cleaner, toothpaste, ink, etc.
B, emulsion: for example: cream, lotion, mayonnaise, milk, traditional oil and vinegar, salad, seasonings, etc.
So the liquid in the densitometer test is divided into:
Medium viscosity liquid density meter
Medium viscosity liquid density meter
A, fluid liquid
1. Liquid with low viscosity: such as liquid paint, liquid can be measured by glass weight. Take the Archimedes buoyancy method.
2, using Gamma ball measurement: medium and high viscosity material fluidity. Archimedes volume replacement method.
B, non-flowing liquid: toothpaste, lipstick, adhesive, maltose, gel, etc.
The solid state of the electron density meter allows easy measurement of the density of non-flowing liquids. Take the Archimedes buoyancy method.
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