CRISPR application expands key genetic mutations in malignant brain tumors
The potential for the application of CRISPR gene editing technology is growing. Recently, the research team from Yale University and the University of Basel in Switzerland used a modified version of CRISPR technology and gene screening technology to find mutations in genes that cause malignant glioblastoma, which is helpful for personalized treatment of tumors. The development of anticancer drugs provides new targets.
On August 14th, a team of researchers from Yale University and the University of Basel in Switzerland published the latest research online in the journal Nature Neuroscience, using genetically modified CRISPR technology to find mutations in genes that cause glioblastoma.
Glioblastoma is a malignant brain tumor with a median survival of no more than 18 months and a 30% chance of surviving 2 years after diagnosis. Conventional methods for treating glioblastoma include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. These treatments have a high risk of recurrence, and the tumor tissue gradually infects surrounding healthy brain tissue.
Studies have shown that over 223 genes have been found to be associated with this malignant brain tumor. However, the genes or combinations of genes that directly cause disease are unclear. Because thousands of combinations of these disease-related genes cause disease in patients, it is challenging to determine which combination is most relevant to cancer.
"One thousand miles to pick one", looking for key genetic mutations in malignant brain tumors
Sidi Chen, co-author of the article and assistant professor of genetics at the Institute of Systems Biology at Yale University, hopes to break through the storm. As a member of the Yale Cancer Center, he and his team focused on the development of new tools to analyze a range of issues in the process of cancer development, development, and metastasis, providing new clues and directions for their treatment.
What are the genetic mutations that cause glioblastoma? Sidi Chen and Professor Randall Platt of the University of Basel collaborated to develop a modified version of CRISPR gene editing and screening technology (mediated by adeno-associated virus) to Mice with glioblastoma are used as models to find the main driving genes for carcinogenesis.
They evaluated a combination of more than 1,500 gene mutations and found a variety of combinations that could trigger cancer, such as the combination of B2m-Nf1, Mll3-Nf1 and Zc3h13-Rb1 leading to cancer.
In addition, they also found that two gene mutations, Zc3h13 and PTEN, enhance the resistance of tumors to chemotherapeutic drugs by affecting the expression of Rb1 gene mutations.
Helping personalized medicine
This information helps doctors perform “tailor-made†treatments for specific patients. “We can use this information to determine which of the existing drugs are most effective for patients. This is an important step toward personalized cancer treatment,†Sidi Chen explained.
This pioneering technology can also be used to find the cause of other cancers, as well as to find specific targets for drug development.
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