Foreword In response to the Central Government's call for the "Greater Western Development" and the implementation of the spirit of the Sixth National Congress of the China Association for Science and Technology, the China Printing Technology Association initiated the implementation of the western printing science popularization program. As an important part of the activity plan, the West China Printing Science Report will be held in Xi'an and Lanzhou this month. In order to cooperate with the printing and science popularization activities in the western part of the Chinese Association of Indian Press, this issue compiles the “Special Report on Western Printing Science Reportsâ€, and first compiles the content of the lectures of Tian Shengli and other six reporters to readers.
Data Processing - New Fields of Expansion of Book and Book Printing Facilities I. Trends and Opportunities Since the late 1980s, China's books and periodicals printing companies have launched "photographed goodbye to lead fire and welcome light and power" laser photocopying to replace the manual leaded printing. In the former technological revolution, by the early 1990s, the major book printing companies established a prepress production system that used laser beam from computer networks to discharge the film, and its ability to arrange words increased exponentially.
With the sound of computer local area networks, publishers are increasingly feeling that they need to provide a computer-based typesetting system to solve the process flow of scheduling, schooling, and change within their own units, and to avoid multiple times between the typesetting and publishing units. Take the trouble of sending and receiving school changes, shortening the time required for the prepress process and reducing the workload of the “same and the same†school.
In this way, the computer text processing capabilities that the quarterly printing houses rushed to establish after the 1990s gradually felt “excess†by the late 1990s, and then the wages and expenses of photocopying workshops fell, and the loss was increasing.
At the same time, a new kind of social demand has emerged and developed rapidly. This is the data processing service. This kind of service includes two major aspects. First, the non-digital information is processed into digital information. Second, the digital information code is indexed to form an index file that can be quickly retrieved for easy reading. The former involves a large number of conversions of previously printed characters and pictures into digital information stored on high-density information carriers such as read-only optical disks or high-density optical disks (DVDs).
Digital printing of documents or pictures before printing and generating films for printing are the businesses and technologies that are well-known to book printing companies. In the course of this process, the digitized documents of the manuscript only exist as intermediate products. Once the printing is completed, the printer does not retain these digitized documents. Moreover, many publishing units or deputy printing units do not attach importance to this valuable digital asset, or deal with it lightly, or simply do not recycle it. Most of them still do not understand the value of the development of these digital files.
On the one hand, the overprinting of pre-press digital processing capacity of book printing and printing companies, on the one hand, is the growing demand for data processing, and on the other hand, the digital text produced by the printing industry during the pre-pressing process and then despised, constitutes a This kind of discordant situation has provided an opportunity for the printing and printing companies to expand their service areas.
II. EXPLORATION AND RESULTS National printing and printing fixed-point enterprises Jinan Xinhua Printing Factory earlier noted the above-mentioned development trends and opportunities, relying on their accumulated technology and experience in laser photocopying, and expanding into the data processing field. They first assumed the task of producing graphic and graphic data CD-ROMs for the deputy-in-chief printing unit, and later developed the multimedia CD-ROM production business. He successively completed the "China Light Industry Yearbook" multimedia electronic publication, the "Party Party Official Friends" 100-year commemorative multimedia CD-ROM, the Shandong Provincial Public Security Bureau's "Shandong Fire" magazine 10-year multimedia information CD-ROM, and the "Jinan Yearbook". "Multimedia CD-ROM, Shandong Province CPPCC "Spring and Autumn" magazine multimedia CD, "China Adult Education" magazine multimedia CD and other processing tasks. It not only finds new areas for the use of surplus text-to-speech processing capabilities, but also develops a new service project, and then forms a new company and forms a new industry.
Xinhua Information Data Production Co., Ltd. is a data processing company specialized in the production of information data, multimedia information processing, and deep processing of information data under the Jinhua Xinhua Printing Company. It specializes in the production of electronic publications for publishing companies, and is a unit that requires the digitalization of archives information. Provide service and support.
The above-mentioned data deep processing business mainly aims at indexing the existing full-text data in order to form a full-text index and facilitate retrieval. With the rapid increase of the social literature, it is more and more difficult to find specific content in various literature materials. As the use of reader retrieval tools and the determination of appropriate search strategies are increasingly demanding, the requirements for the database of documents are increasing. The more urgent it is, the deep processing of information data will come to the fore.
The use of pronouns such as “heâ€, “itâ€, “this decisionâ€, “the organizationâ€, “the above substances†and the like are widely used in the expression of the literature. The current full-text search tools do not have the specific words to identify these references. The intelligence requires manual intervention. The intervention is usually indexed, and it also identifies some words that have more search opportunities, often referred to as keyword indexing. In accordance with the requirements of customers, according to the rules provided by customers, deep processing of information data should be a business in which book printing companies can exert potential advantages.
The exploration of Jinan Xinhua Printing Factory was successful. The new data processing business was welcomed by customers and quickly entered a virtuous circle. The ever-increasing economic benefits have prompted Jinan Xinhua Printing Company to establish a subsidiary to professionally manage this new business. The reason why the plant has been successful in the expansion of the data processing industry is not only a technical factor, but also not only through the acceptance of the law, but the expansion and opening up of ideas or concepts is a key factor.
Third, technology and industrial data processing is an important link in the construction of information resources, and is the basic business of the information service industry. Initially, database construction and printing and plate making were irrelevant and each developed. With the rapid development of digital technology and the rapid advancement of network construction, as well as the rich source of application software, the respective platforms of printing plate making, database production, electronic publication production, and network publishing are getting closer. In principle, one platform can already be used. Complete the "digital production, multimedia publishing" cross-media publishing work.
For example, Apple Computer's "One Create, Any Release" new technology means Graphic Arts, Video Design, Digital Cartoon, DVD Production, and Web Page Design. The functions are integrated on one system platform to realize the cross-media technical support of “a set of basic data, multiple release designs, and multiple output formatsâ€.
Peking University Founder Electronics Co., Ltd. introduced a self-contained cross-media technology that can output the film used for printing plate making, output it to the CD-ROM (data master disk), can also be made available online, and also available for e-book download. read.
However, the problem of the fly in the ointment is still relatively large, and it is still difficult for systems from different companies to exchange information with each other without barriers or even incompatibility. Moreover, the information exchanged between different generations of a company's system cannot exchange information with each other, resulting in the use of units, especially publishing units, having to re-proof the converted electronic texts to avoid inexplicable errors.
Although cross-media publishing technology is still somewhat imperfect, its integration features are so attractive that the development and promotion are very fast, no less than the speed of computer laser photocopying or color desktop system promotion.
It is relatively simple to convert graphic electronic files for printing into electronic files for optical discs or web pages. Because the resolution required for printing is 4 to 8 times higher than the resolution required for optical discs or on-line transmission, reducing the resolution and compressing the amount of graphic information is more technically simpler and therefore more mature. It is mostly difficult to reverse recovery, but it can also be achieved. Convert low-resolution pictures for optical discs or web pages into high-resolution pictures for printing. Interpolation algorithms and sleek processing techniques are often used to increase the resolution by a factor of 10 or more, but it takes more time.
In addition to paying attention to the resolution of the images, the printing industry has to pay attention to issues such as the font range, color space correspondence and other issues, especially the file format.
When designing for print, there are a large number of fonts available, but there are limited fonts available on the disc or web page, and direct conversion will encounter some difficulties. It is necessary to adjust the font configuration of the graphic design before conversion. However, this limitation is being addressed in the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) Extensible Stylesheet Language specification.
The four-color printing (CMYK) and the screen's three-color (RGB) space are not linearly related. The existing color management software cannot handle it by itself. It requires manual intervention. Interventors need experience to accumulate. Fortunately, the printing factory does not lack this. Talented people.
The file format is especially critical for layout production. Because of the different file formats, printers encountered a lot of trouble when translating the electronic document file format that an author or publication should submit. For example, the author usually writes a document in Word. The file format produced by Word2000 is RTF. It cannot be used directly in the printing system of a printing plant, and it needs to be converted. However, the higher version of the Founder System of Beijing University adds a soft plug-in that can read files generated by Word, and can solve conversion problems.
PDF is a specification proposed by Adobe Corporation. It is an abbreviation of Portable Document Format. Its openness enables it to be used for electronic file distribution around the world. It retains the characters in the original electronic text according to the pattern + text mode. Information such as codes, fonts, layouts, colors, etc., is not limited by operating systems and application software and can be used for both printing and online publishing. However, the layout of the PDF format is "fixed." If you want to change the layout in different media, you have to make another.
If you want to change the fixed layout across media publishing, you can use HTML format, HTML allows dynamic layout. This situation usually occurs when a web page is converted to printing, and there is little relationship with the printing plant's access to data processing.
The data processing service started independently from the development of the printing industry. Some large publishers have to electronically publish newspapers and magazines published in the past. For example, the People’s Daily has to digitize the newspapers of the past 50 years. Several companies in the information industry have successively accepted this type of business and set up specialized subsidiaries to print out digital processing services to produce optical discs. They also took these publications for the use of electronic files formed by laser photocopying in recent years for data processing, which resulted in duplication of work and squeezed the development space for printing plates. In fact, a book printing and printing factory can fully undertake this type of business with its own text-based digital processing capabilities, just as Jinan Xinhua Printing has succeeded.
The data processing industry is a labor-intensive and technology-intensive new industry, and it will rapidly develop whether or not the printing industry intervenes. In the tide of networked informatization of the national economy, the demand for data processing will become more and more prosperous. Books and periodicals printing companies should adapt to and develop this market.
The high-end business in data processing is a database, which requires in-depth data processing. Taking the above-mentioned "People's Daily" 50-year CD-ROM version as an example, although it has set up retrieval channels such as time, subject headings, title, and person's name, it can generally only find the articles of the articles and read them out one by one. Know if you need the information. It is also difficult to find out what is needed at once. This is because data processing is not enough. When using the full-text search tool, the search tool cannot determine who is the “he,†“the item,†“this plan,†and “that person.†In this way, the names of “himâ€, the name of “the itemâ€, the name of “this schemeâ€, and the name of “the person†should be marked one by one. Such indexing refers to the reductive indexing, and there are other things. Indexing content. Need to read the full text to do deep data processing. With proper indexing, a full-text database is formed, which is especially suitable for database processing of archives and data documents.
With the rapid growth of digital information, the role of the database is becoming more and more obvious and important. Database processing is also increasingly needed. It is forming an industry.
In addition to text, pictures, sounds, and video data can also be built into a database, especially the image database, which is also a relatively easy-to-enter business area for printing companies.
Electronic book (ebook) processing is also an electronic publishing business that can be developed by a book printing company. especially
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