Third, the factors that affect the fabric pearl ink fastness
Fastness is a very important property for fabric inks. The fastness of printed fabrics mainly refers to the soaping fastness and rubbing fastness. The main factors influencing fabrics' pearl ink fastness are binders, pigment particles and their amounts, cross-linking agents, and drying conditions.
1. The effect of binder type on pearl ink fastness
We used different types of adhesives. In addition to the adhesive 2#, all other suitable dosages were formulated into fabric inks with Iriodin pearlescent pigments to test the fastness. Table 1 shows the results.
Table 1 Effect of Adhesive on Pearl Fastness
Note: * indicates thickener has been added
The data in Table 1 shows that different types of binders have a significant effect on the fastness of textile pearl inks. Also, it can be seen from the table that the different amounts of the same binder have an effect on the fastness of the ink. This is because the pigment in the fabric ink itself does not have affinity for the fiber, it is fixed on the surface of the fabric fiber mechanically by the binder, and because of the larger particle size of the pearlescent pigment, the choice of the binder is very important. In addition to its good film-forming properties, it should also have good affinity and high adhesion to large-particle pearlescent pigments. In addition, the amount of adhesive should be able to ensure that all the pigments are sticky. When the amount is not enough, the adhesive can only adhere to some of the pigments so that some pigments do not adhere well to the fiber surface, resulting in a decrease in the fastness, especially for large particles of pearlescent light. Pigments should slightly increase the amount of adhesive. It can be seen from Table 1 that fabric pearl inks formulated with Adhesive 2# and Adhesive 3# have better fastness, but of course, this must be done with the proper amount of adhesive.
2. The effect of pigment amount on pearl ink fastness
We changed the amount of pearlescent pigments to prepare pearlescent inks and tested their fastness. The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Effect of Pigment Consumption on Pearl Fastness
The data in Table 2 shows that when the amount of pigment exceeds a certain percentage, the fastness begins to deteriorate. This is because as the proportion of the pigment in the ink increases, the proportion of the binder decreases accordingly, and some of the pigments are not easily adhered by the binder and easily fall off, resulting in deterioration of the fastness. From Table 2, it can be seen that in fabric pearl ink, the amount of pigment should not exceed 15%.
3. The effect of the amount of crosslinker on the fastness of pearl ink
Cross-linking agents are very effective for improving the fastness of fabric inks, but at the same time it will increase the ink film hardness of the prints. Therefore, its amount is more important. We changed the amount of cross-linking agent to prepare pearlescent ink, tested its fastness, and compared the ink film hardness of the printed product. The results are shown in Table 3.
As can be seen from Table 3, as the amount of cross-linking agent increases, the ink fastness increases. Because in the molecular structure of the cross-linking agent, there are propylene or ethylene oxide groups, which can easily react with reactive groups such as OH, NH2, CONH2, and COOH in the adhesive when the printing fabric is cured by baking. The linear polymer chains are connected to each other so that the adhesive film forms a network structure. At the same time, the cross-linking agent also cross-links with cellulose and it also cross-links with one another, which increases the print fastness. Even if a self-crosslinking type of adhesive is used, a small amount of a crosslinking agent is often added to improve the adhesive fastness. The adhesives used in this experiment are self-crosslinking, so only a small amount of cross-linking agent needs to be added. Although the addition of crosslinking agent can improve the fastness, but at the same time will affect the other properties of the ink, the more obvious is the hardness of the ink film, making the print product feel hard. Therefore, when preparing fabric inks, the amount of cross-linking agent must be appropriate. The amount of cross-linking agent required for different types of adhesives is not necessarily the same, and care should be taken when formulating inks, generally about 1%.
4. Effect of drying conditions on pearl ink fastness
The drying of the fabric ink is the baking of the printed product at a high temperature for a certain period of time. The baking temperature has a great influence on the fastness of the ink. We fixed the baking time at 10 minutes and changed the baking temperature. We tested the fastness of fabric pearl ink formulated with adhesive 5#. The results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 Effect of baking temperature on pearl ink fastness
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