The large lacquered furniture is a kind of original furniture craftsmanship in China and has a long history. Because the bottom tire wood of ancient lacquered furniture is shrinking in the middle and dry seasons in the dry and wet seasons, the surface of the lacquered land produces different patterns of broken lines, which is more vicissitudes of beauty, causing people's cherished thoughts.
However, the authentic high-grade lacquered furniture is rare in the world, the market is difficult to see, the price is high, and because of the ageing, the viewing is more than practical. In fact, the well-made antique lacquered furniture is also one of the varieties that are suitable for classical furniture lovers. It has already had this market and industry in the Ming Dynasty. The late Ming Dynasty artist Huang Cheng said in the "Yu Shi Lu": "Imitating, simulating the ancient artifacts and the Song and Yuan masters, or the Yi Yi system, etc., it is not easy to get, for the good old people to play ear It is not for the deceitful greed of the sellers. "The Kangxi and Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, especially during the Qianlong period, copied a lot of court furniture of the Ming Dynasty, and some of them can almost be chaotic.
In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the economy was dying, and the artists in the office were scattered into the private sector to set up small workshops to make a living. They are mainly imitations. One is to emulate the three-generation palace-style lacquered furniture, and the other is to emulate the Ming Dynasty's high-altitude lacquered furniture, which is mainly sold to Western foreigners and a few wealthy Chinese. In order to make a living, these small workshops have developed a variety of techniques for the production of broken lines of antique lacquer furniture. The most famous ones are: roasting, breaking, tremor and breaking, collectively called "four breaks". ". Let's take a look at the "four breaks" and the "natural breaks" derived from the last century, for the industry peers and enthusiasts to exchange and reference.
First, roasting: can be used for all kinds of furniture. Masonry open fire pit, apply a thick layer of putty on the surface of the finished lacquered furniture. The putty is made up of blood and white noodles, and must be pulled out by hand. When the putty starts to work hard Bake the furniture to the appropriate distance above the fire pit for baking; put down the furniture when the surface putty is baked, chill it with cold water, carefully peel off the putty and observe the broken effect. The broken lines formed by this method are not regular and uniform, and the lacquered floor and the ornamentation also produce some aging and flaking. The ancient rhyme is more natural and suitable for the antique lacquered land of the embossed pattern.
Second, cut off: mainly used for flat shape furniture. First make the patent leather, dilute the blood with water (made of fresh pig blood and lime water), put the cotton cloth on the board and leave the cloth edge; after drying, put the putty, lacquer, and ornament; The edge of the cloth is peeled off, and the pad is placed on the triangular steel shovel to remove the snake-shaped broken pattern, and the cloth edge and the excess patent leather are cut according to the shape of the bottom of the furniture; the patent leather is pasted on the bottom tire, and the flattening is smooth; the patent leather After drying, repair the joints and corners. Nowadays, the new method uses iron screens instead of wood, and it is relatively simple to make the patent leather curl and break. The broken lines formed by the break can be controlled as needed, but should be avoided because they are too rigid and are suitable for all kinds of decorative antique paint.
Third, tremor: mainly used for flat-shaped furniture. First make the patent leather, dilute the blood with water to break the strength, put the cotton cloth on the five-ply board, and wrap the cloth to the back of the board; after drying, put the putty, lacquer, and ornament; after the lacquer board is done, the mat is on the square or the side of the case. Shake it down with your hand, and squirt the fine ash on the patent leather until it creates a water-like broken pattern; grab the edge of the cloth and peel off the patent leather, cut it according to the shape of the bottom of the furniture, paste it on the bottom tire, and grind it. Flatten; after the patent leather is dry, repair the joints and corners. The broken lines formed by this method are relatively fine and natural, and are suitable for the painted lacquered areas of painted gold and inlaid patterns.
Fourth, cut off: can be used for a variety of styles of furniture. On the bottom of the furniture, paste linen or hemp, scrape the gray putty (because the paint putty is not easy to crack); use the nail plate to pull out the horizontal groove on the putty, fill it, then bake, water, and make it snakelike Gray cracked, then lacquered. This method is suitable for painted lacquered gold and inlaid lacquered antique paint.
V. Natural break: It is derived from the simplified simplification and can be used for furniture of various shapes. On the bottom of the furniture, the linen or hemp is scraped, and the putty is scraped; the putty is dried and the water is stirred, so that it produces a turtle-like ash crack, and then the lacquer pattern is decorated. This method is suitable for painted lacquered gold and inlaid lacquered antique paint.
The author believes that when making antique lacquered furniture today, it is best to indicate the imitation of the era and the production period, the author's name, etc. in the lining or the bottom, to establish a positive brand image, and consumers should also actively Accept and welcome this quaint craft furniture variety.
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