Third, digital watermarking
Digital watermarking technology is a frontier research topic in the international information security field in recent years. It is an information hiding technology that is very close to practical applications. It is closely related to information security, information hiding, and data encryption. Digital watermarking is the use of certain algorithms to mark (watermarks) that have specific meanings, and is embedded in images, sounds, documents, books, videos, and other digital products using digital embedding to achieve the purpose of concealing messages and to prove rights and interests. Owners own ownership of their works and use them as evidence to identify and prosecute illegal infringement. At the same time, the integrity of digital information is ensured through the detection and analysis of watermarks, thus becoming an effective means of intellectual property protection and digital multimedia anti-counterfeiting. Property rights protection, secure communication and content authentication have a wide range of application values.
Digital watermarking is theoretically based on Wavelet Analysis, which has been rapidly developed in recent years. Digital watermarking technology has strong robustness, imperceptibility, hidden location security, unambiguity and computational efficiency. The digital watermarking system is divided into two parts: embedded and extracted. Each part is composed of corresponding software and hardware.
Embedded part
Extract part
This form of composition effectively increases the level of anti-counterfeiting technology and greatly increases the difficulty of forgery counterfeiting. Its characteristics are as follows:
(1) Digital watermarks as identification marks are hidden in prints in a visually invisible form. Under natural light or artificial light sources, the naked eye cannot distinguish whether prints have digital watermark marks and do not affect prints to be protected (watermarks) ) The original visual perception image can be determined only by computer or computer-specific machine-readable devices.
(2) The hidden watermark marks in the printed matter not only have randomness, but also can be arbitrarily set in position so that they have multiple anti-counterfeiting effects on printed matters.
(3) The hidden watermarks in prints do not change with the place where the prints pass, the person handling them, and the time. There is no possibility of leakage and proliferation in the above links.
(4) Embedding digital watermark marks in printed matters does not change the appearance characteristics of the original printed matter, and does not require special requirements for the current printing equipment. There is no need to change the printed materials or increase the printing cost.
According to the development trend of modern anti-counterfeiting technology, the detection method of digital watermark marks in printed matter uses a machine-readable identifier with a DSP chip and a random memory. This high-performance machine-reading identifier has the characteristics of easy mass production, good product consistency, low cost, simple and reliable operation, and software programs that determine the authenticity of the product. The software program is fast, safe, and can be quickly upgraded and updated.
Fourth, digital watermark core technology
1. Digital watermark generation and concealment algorithm based on wavelet algorithm: The wavelet algorithm is adopted to transform the spatial domain data of digital image into the corresponding wavelet domain coefficients through discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and according to the type of information to be hidden. Appropriate encoding and transformation, and then according to the amount of hidden information and the corresponding security objectives, choose a square frequency domain coefficient sequence. Finally, the frequency domain coefficients of the digital image are converted into spatial data by inverse transformation.
2. Watermark anti-copying technology: When a counterfeiter gets a printed package containing a digital watermark, he or she will try to copy (such as a high-precision digital scanner). To prevent the digital watermark information from being copied, the digital watermark embedding software hides the watermark information. The chromatogram equivalence given algorithm is adopted. This method can guarantee that the counterfeiter cannot avoid changing the chromatographic equivalent when meeting the technical adjustment of the color of the original image, thus fundamentally ensuring that the watermark is not copied.
3, anti-attenuation technology: from digital images to prints, to go through plate making, printing and other processes, the characteristics of digital watermarks must be attenuated in each process, in order to ensure that the digital watermark has sufficient signal strength in the final print, The digital watermark embedding software takes full account of sufficient signal strength when generating the watermark information, ensuring that the signal strength (robustness) can still be reliably machine-readable during multiple processes.
4, digital watermark verification machine reading: digital watermark verification machine reading can eliminate the uncertainty of human factors, improve the inspection speed, enhance the security of covert information (watermark) identification, and can be RFID, UV, magnetic stripe, etc. There are sophisticated anti-counterfeiting inspection equipment to form multiple three-dimensional anti-counterfeiting systems to enhance the level of comprehensive security.
It is necessary to develop a low-cost, industrial-scale mass production of digital watermarking machine-reading equipment like a bill validator. The machine-readable device should use an embedded operating system (Vix/Vox), a DSP chip as a core processor, and a camera. The area-array CMOS (CCD) device is an image sensor, which constitutes a digital anti-counterfeiting detection device that is easy to carry, move, and AC/DC, networking, and software can be quickly upgraded.
Six, digital watermark printing anti-counterfeiting technology
Counterfeiting has existed since ancient times, and security is as old as human civilization. Many anti-counterfeit methods have borrowed the results of printing technology and played an important role in anti-counterfeiting. However, some of the counterfeiters that came with it also used related technological methods to engage in counterfeiting activities. With regard to falsification technology related to printing technology alone, criminal activities such as counterfeiting currency, securities, documents, documents, certificates, credit cards, contracts, trademarks, logos, packaging, stamps, famous paintings, precious stamps, and stamps have been widespread. In many parts of the world, it is also banned repeatedly in our country. According to statistics, there are 2 billion U.S. dollars forged each year, and 2 billion for U.S. banks with fake credit cards, and 3 million fake passports worldwide. In China, the sea seized smuggling cases worth 2.7 billion yuan from 1987 to 1996. In 1996 alone, Kowloon Customs had identified 203 counterfeit import declarations for the Guangzhou and Shenzhen Foreign Exchange Administrations. It found that it had defrauded the country of reaching US$700 million, and its means of committing crimes were mainly false documents, false approvals, and false seals. As for those individuals or dens that are scattered all over the country, they are making and selling fake ID cards, driver's licenses, diplomas, and other documents. Faced with such rampant counterfeiting momentum, we need to apply the latest scientific research results such as computers, communications, optics, chemistry, electromagnetism, and spectroscopic technology to printing anti-counterfeiting technologies to improve the level of anti-counterfeiting technology.
According to the prediction of the China Association of Anti-counterfeiting Technology, the market for anti-counterfeit products will exceed 30 billion yuan each year in the next few years. In addition to traditional anti-counterfeit inks, and Internet-based anti-counterfeiting technologies such as telephone anti-counterfeiting and online electronic authentication, the anti-counterfeit spending for labels and materials will be around 7.5 billion yuan. Digital watermarking opens up a new approach to information security. Its invisible concealment and ability to resist various attacks can achieve the integrity protection and falsification of digital products. It can also be used in digital anti-counterfeiting. Digital watermarking is bound to become one of the core technical measures for copyright protection and authenticity authentication of digital works, and it plays an irreplaceable role in e-commerce transactions. Today, with the rapid development of the market economy, this is undoubtedly a good solution for companies and digital product infringement creators whose corporate image and economic interests are in serious danger of damage. Digital watermarking and its application technology not only provide breakthrough information security protection methods, but also occupy an important position in digital anti-counterfeiting, which is of great benefit to the maintenance of the national economic order.
Digital watermarking is used in the field of printing anti-counterfeiting to effectively overcome the drawbacks of many anti-counterfeiting technologies, such as low technology content, slow upgrade, and poor randomness, and completely updated the traditional concept of printing anti-counterfeit. The digital watermark printing anti-counterfeiting special highlights the uniqueness and non-imitation of anti-counterfeiting, with high confidentiality and randomness, and does not change the visual image of the original print, does not change the mature printing process, does not change the printing materials and equipment, does not increase the printing The characteristics of the cost.
Seventh, digital watermark printing anti-counterfeiting system application prospect
The digital watermark printing anti-counterfeiting system has extremely broad application prospects and can be widely used in the packaging of various types of licenses, valuable securities, and high-value goods such as famous cigarettes, famous wines, and valuable drugs. Taking the tobacco industry as an example, the famous Hongta Group maintains the reputation of the famous smoke Hongta Mountain, and the annual cost for counterfeiting is up to 400 million yuan. According to statistics from the China Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, the output value of cigarette packs in China is as high as 15 billion yuan each year. In the printing of cigarette packs, the cost of anti-counterfeiting accounts for an average of 3%-5%, which is calculated as a digital watermark application in the tobacco industry alone. The market space is 4.5 to 750 million yuan / year. At present, the railway department needs to print more than one billion tickets per year, and each ticket is printed at a cost of 0.04 yuan (four kinds of anti-counterfeiting technologies are selected). The cost of anti-counterfeit printing on railways is 50 million yuan/year. With the application of other industries (such as wine), the market space will not be less than 2 billion yuan / year. With the promotion of the use of machine-readable devices, the market for digital watermark anti-counterfeiting systems will be more space-sale.
According to "2004-2005 China's Cultural Industry Situation Analysis and Prospects", the total consumption of cultural entertainment in China reached 700 billion yuan in 2004, and the spending on anti-counterfeiting for cultural and sports activities was 120 million yuan per year. In 2004 alone, there were more than 1,700 performances in various performances in Beijing's performance market. The audience was nearly 500,000. The box office revenue exceeded 500 million yuan, the ticket printing cost exceeded 2 million yuan, and Shanghai performance revenue also exceeded 500 million yuan. According to the Beijing Daily’s “Ten Characteristics of the Beijing Show Market in 2004â€, the nine characteristics are as follows: The fares continue to be high fever, and the fare of the show is generally around 1,500 yuan, and the minimum is also more than 100 yuan. Feature 10: The wind of fake tickets has been banned for many times. The ticketing company used seven kinds of anti-counterfeiting measures on one ticket and still could not stop the proliferation of false tickets. Therefore, the use of advanced digital watermarking technology to replace the traditional anti-counterfeiting technology is the development direction.
In China, researchers in related departments are stepping up their research work on anti-counterfeiting technology for digital watermark printing. For example, Dalian University of Technology has achieved fruitful results in digital watermark printing anti-counterfeiting technology. This technology of Dalian University of Technology can realize the digital watermarking in the printed image, and can automatically detect the digital watermark in the printed image through the scanner and special software. This technology accommodates many models of printers and scanners.
The digital watermarking technology developed by Sichuan Lianxun Science and Technology Co., Ltd. has already sold 1.41 million tickets for the 6th China Flower Expo held in 2005, and Sichuan Province has launched 10 million Shenjis for pushing the giant pandas to become the mascots of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The successful use of postcards and tickets for the 6th China Western International Expo has created a precedent for the use of digital watermark printing anti-counterfeiting technology in large-scale convention and exhibition events in the world.
The development of industrialization of digital watermark printing anti-counterfeiting technology is used for the prevention of counterfeiting of banknotes and cheques (see "Wavelet Analysis and Applications", Printing Anti-Counterfeiting and E-Commerce Ticket Security). According to the People's Bank of China, a total of more than 4 billion yuan of counterfeit money was collected from 2004 to 2005. Therefore, the use of digital watermarking technology with its own intellectual property rights to protect the security of national banknotes is the highest goal of industrialization of digital watermarking technology.
According to estimates of officials from the Bureau of International Expositions, the number of visitors to the World Expo to be held in Shanghai, China, in 2010 may exceed 70 million, which is another major opportunity for digital watermark printing anti-counterfeiting technology.
8. Independent Innovation and Development of Digital Watermarking Technology in China
Independent innovation is an important support for improving China's economy's national competitiveness and ability to resist risks. Developing digital watermarking technology to seize the strategic high ground of information technology is of great significance for improving China's information industry's international competitiveness, safeguarding national information security, and safeguarding national strategic interests. .
From the existing public information, due to the digital watermarking technology is an emerging cross-disciplinary, its research involves cryptography, image processing, pattern recognition, information analysis, theoretical mathematics, communications and computer science fields, in academic theory research at home and abroad The scholars are at the same level, and they are even at home in the field of applications.
To promote the industrialization of digital watermarking technologies, it is necessary to absorb the development experience and lessons learned from RFID and WAPI, and should follow the standard after the market first. To avoid arguing about the standard issue and delaying the industrialization advancement, the domestic technology with independent intellectual property rights has been blocked by foreign countries. The domestic market has once again allowed foreign companies to occupy the situation.
In view of the fact that digital watermarking technology has broad application prospects in the areas of intellectual property protection, bills and anti-counterfeiting of fast-moving consumer goods, confidentiality, and low intercept rate communication, in order to ensure national security, change the mode of economic growth, enhance China’s core competitiveness, and promote China’s autonomy. The digital watermarking technology for intellectual property is developing rapidly. It is recommended to use digital watermark anti-counterfeiting technology in the tickets for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games held in Beijing and establish a new digital watermarking technology standard throughout the world to demonstrate China's ability to independently innovate in high-tech fields and protect knowledge. The determination of property rights.
General Secretary Hu Jintao emphasized: Accelerating the pace of independent innovation, enhancing the country’s core competitiveness, and stimulating a qualitative leap in China’s social productivity, and striving to win and maintain the initiative in the fierce international competition. The successful application of digital watermarking technology in the Beijing Olympic Games will promote China to master core technologies in the key areas of the national economy's lifeline and national security, build an emerging information security industry with China's complete independent intellectual property rights, and promote China's information security technology to enter the world. Firstly, we should improve our country’s competitiveness and voice in the field of information security technology, increase China’s sustainable development of science and technology and economy, and accelerate the realization of China’s national strategy for independent innovation.
For the success of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, we decided to sponsor the digital watermark printing anti-counterfeiting technology system for the Beijing Olympic Games Tickets and do our best as a national science and technology innovation fund to support and have a strong corporate citizenship and sense of responsibility to support us. Independent innovation will develop an information security protection system with China's independent intellectual property rights and promote the industrialization of digital watermarking technology.
Let us join hands to work hard to implement the scientific concept of development, actively seize the precious opportunities for the successful hosting of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, make up our minds, dare to tackle the problem, work hard, catch up, and adhere to the path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics, and constantly improve. The original innovation capability, integrated innovation capability, and introduction, digestion, absorption, and re-innovation capabilities under open conditions. The rigorous, solid and tenacious mission of realizing the important historical mission of improving independent innovation capabilities has accelerated the construction of innovative countries.