Tumor cells occupy a central position in tissue culture. First, cancer cells are relatively easy to culture. Among the cell lines currently established, cancer cell lines are the most. In addition, tumors are the greatest threat to humans. Tumor cell culture is an extremely important means to study the mechanism of canceration, detection of anticancer drugs, and molecular biology of cancer. Tumor cell culture will play an inestimable role in elucidating and solving cancer.
1. Biological characteristics of tumor cells in tissue culture
Compared with normal cells in vivo, tumor cells are significantly different in morphology, growth value and genetic traits, whether in vivo or in vitro. The difference between tumor cells grown in vivo and tumor cells cultured in vitro is small, but they are not exactly the same. The tumor cells in culture have the following outstanding characteristics:
(ï¼) Morphology and characters
The cancer cells in the culture have no specific morphology under the light microscope. Most tumor cells are clearer than diploid cells under the microscope. The nuclear membrane and nucleolus have obvious outlines and rich ribosome particles. Electron microscopy showed that the microvilli on the surface of cancer cells were many and fine, and the microfilaments did not travel as regular as normal cells, which may be related to the non-directional movement of tumor cells and anchoring independence.
(2) Growth and proliferation
Tumor cells have uncontrolled proliferation in vivo, which is still the case in in vitro culture. Normal diploid cells can not proliferate in vitro without serum, because the serum contains many factors for cell proliferation and growth, while cancer cells can still grow in low serum (2% to 5%). It has been shown that tumor cells have the ability to produce pro-proliferative factors spontaneously or endocrinely. After normal cells undergo transformation, they appear to be able to grow in low serum medium, which has become an indicator for detecting cell malignancy. When cancer cells or single cells after malignant transformation in culture are cultured, the ability to form colonies (clones) is stronger than normal cells. In addition, when the number of cancer cell proliferation increases and expands, contact inhibition is eliminated, and the cells can overlap each other and develop into a three-dimensional space, forming a deposit.
(3) Immortality
Immortality is also called immortality. In vitro culture shows that cells can be passaged indefinitely without apoptosis (Apoptosis). Tumor cell lines or cell lines in vitro culture have this trait, and there is no direct proof of whether the tumor cells in vivo are so. Because the malignant tumor will eventually kill the host and die together, it is difficult to prove the existence of this trait. Can the immortality of tumor cells in vitro prove that it is the same in vivo? It is also difficult to be sure. The process of establishing cell lines or strains in recent years shows that if immortality is inherent in tumor cells in vivo, tumor cells should be easy to culture. In fact, most tumor cells are not so easy to culture in the first generation. Growth and proliferation are not vigorous; after purification into single tumor cells, most of them also proliferate for several generations, and then a stagnation period similar to that in diploid cell culture appears. After this stage, immortality is obtained, and it passes on and grows smoothly. This shows that the immortality of tumor cells in vitro may be obtained after in vitro culture. From some immortal and non-malignant cell lines, such as NIH3T3, Rat-1, 10T1 / 2 and other cells, immortality and malignancy (including infiltration) are two traits, which are regulated by different genes but are related Sex. Perhaps immortality is the stage of cell malignancy. At least in vitro.
(4) Infiltration
Invasiveness is the expansion and proliferation behavior of tumor cells, and the cultured cancer cells still hold this trait. When mixed with normal tissues, it can infiltrate into other tissue cells and has the ability to penetrate artificial diaphragms.
(5) Heterogeneous credits
All tumors are composed of cells with different traits such as proliferative ability, heredity, origin, and cycle status. Heterogeneity constitutes tumor tissue with different vitality of cells in the same tumor; cells in the peripheral area of ​​the tumor body receive more blood supply, proliferate, and some cells in the central area age and degenerate, and some are in a state of cycle arrest Proliferating cells are called stem cells, and only these stem cells are the components that support tumor growth. Tumor stem cells are easy to grow and proliferate when cultured; the culture method of separating stem cells is called stem cell culture.
Shanghai Jingtian Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (professional cell consultant)
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