The selection of environmental and reliability test equipment is based on a comprehensive understanding of the natural and man-made environmental factors that influence the performance and longevity of engineering products. These factors, which include ultraviolet radiation, temperature fluctuations, humidity, vibration, and more, are not fully quantifiable but significantly impact product behavior during use,
Storage, and transportation. To address this, engineers have developed standardized test procedures such as GJB150 for military equipment and GB2423 for electrical and electronic components. These standards guide the testing process, ensuring that products can withstand real-world conditions.
In addition to these test specifications, there are national verification procedures that ensure the accuracy and consistency of environmental test equipment. Standards like GB5170 and JJG190-89 define the basic parameters and calibration requirements for various testing devices. Compliance with these regulations is essential to guarantee that the equipment delivers reliable and repeatable results, as non-compliant systems are not permitted for use in official testing environments.
When selecting environmental test equipment, five fundamental principles should be followed: reproducibility, repeatability, measurability, exclusivity, and safety. Reproducibility ensures that the same environmental conditions can be consistently created in the lab. Repeatability guarantees that the same test conditions produce comparable results across different tests or machines. Measurability means that all environmental parameters must be observable and controllable, while exclusivity ensures that only the intended stressors are applied. Finally, safety and reliability are crucial, especially when dealing with high-value or critical systems, as long-term tests may involve complex operations and require robust protection mechanisms.
For temperature and humidity chambers, several factors need careful consideration. The volume of the chamber should be at least 3–5 times the size of the test item to avoid airflow disturbances and maintain uniform environmental conditions. The temperature range must match the product’s operational limits, and higher ranges can affect uniformity and increase costs. Humidity control is also important, with many chambers offering ranges from 20% to 98% RH, though achieving low humidity requires additional dehumidification systems.
Control methods vary between constant and alternating test chambers. Constant chambers maintain steady conditions, while alternating chambers simulate dynamic environments by cycling through temperature and humidity levels. The choice depends on the specific test requirements and budget constraints. Temperature change rates, wind speed, and temperature fluctuations also play key roles in determining the suitability of a particular chamber.
Ultimately, selecting the right environmental test equipment involves balancing technical specifications, cost, and practical application. Each factor must be evaluated carefully to ensure accurate and meaningful test results that reflect real-world conditions.
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