Kyushu space analysis ozone concentration detection method
Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent known for its strong bactericidal, disinfecting, bleaching, and deodorizing properties. As a result, it is widely used in water purification, food processing sterilization, food preservation, medical hygiene, and household disinfection. In the production and application of ozone generators, maintaining a specific concentration of ozone is crucial for effective disinfection, energy efficiency, and pollution control.
1. **Calibration of Ozone Generator Output**
The output of an ozone generator is one of its most important technical parameters. It is determined by measuring the ozone concentration. Without accurate measurement tools, it's impossible to produce reliable and effective ozone products. Unfortunately, many ozone generators on the market falsely claim their output levels, often omitting or falsifying the ozone concentration data.
2. **Ozone Concentration and Disinfection Effect**
For effective disinfection, ozone must be present in sufficient concentrations over a certain period. For example, at 0.08–0.6 ppm, ozone can kill up to 99.9% of E. coli in 30 minutes. At 0.34–0.85 ppm, the killing rate reaches 99.47–99.97% within 10–30 minutes. Similarly, when ozone is used to disinfect air, a concentration of 0.21 mg/L can kill 90.81% of Staphylococcus aureus in 10 minutes, while 0.72 mg/L achieves a 99.99% kill rate in the same time frame. Generally, higher ozone concentrations lead to better disinfection results.
3. **Limiting Ambient Ozone Concentration**
While ozone has many benefits, it can also be harmful if not properly controlled. According to China’s ambient air quality standards (GB3095-1996), the maximum allowable ozone concentration is 0.12 mg/m³ for one-hour averages. Industrial hygiene standards typically set the limit at 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m³). For home use, ozone generators should not exceed 200–400 mg/h to ensure that residual ozone levels remain below safe thresholds after 30–60 minutes of operation. Prolonged exposure to high ozone levels can cause skin irritation, breathing difficulties, and other health issues.
4. **Monitoring Ozone Concentration in Engineering Applications**
Ozone generation is influenced by factors like gas humidity, cooling water temperature, and electrode aging. Therefore, regular monitoring of ozone concentration is essential. Large-scale systems often use advanced detectors to measure gas-phase ozone, dissolved ozone in water, and exhaust gas concentrations. This ensures optimal system performance and safety.
**Ozone Concentration Measurement Methods**
There are three main types of ozone detection methods: chemical analysis, physical analysis, and combined physical-chemical methods.
**Chemical Detection Methods**
1.1 **Iodometric Method**
This is the most commonly used method for measuring ozone. The reaction between ozone and potassium iodide produces free iodine, which is then titrated with sodium thiosulfate. The formula for calculating ozone concentration is:
C_O3 = 40 × A_Na × B / V_0
Where C_O3 is the ozone concentration in mg/L, A_Na is the volume of sodium thiosulfate solution used, B is its molarity, and V_0 is the volume of ozonated gas sampled. This method is cost-effective but can be affected by other oxidants like NO and Clâ‚‚.
1.2 **Colorimetric Method**
This method uses the color change caused by ozone reacting with reagents such as potassium iodide or o-methylamine. It is widely used for detecting dissolved ozone in water. Instruments like HACH’s DPD colorimeter provide accurate readings and are less prone to interference from other substances.
1.3 **Detection Tubes**
These are glass tubes filled with reactive chemicals. When ozone passes through, it causes a color change, and the length of the reacted zone indicates the ozone concentration. These tubes are easy to use but have lower precision (±15%).
**Physical Methods**
2.1 **UV Absorption Method**
This is the most popular technique globally. Ozone absorbs ultraviolet light at 254 nm, and the intensity of absorption is proportional to its concentration. This method is highly accurate, with a wide measurement range (from 0.002 mg/m³ to 5% volume) and is widely adopted in environmental monitoring. Instruments like the ZX-01 series and ML-8810 are commonly used for this purpose.
2.2 **Principle of UV Absorption**
According to Beer-Lambert’s law, the absorbance of UV light by ozone is directly related to its concentration. This principle allows for precise and real-time measurements of ozone in both gas and liquid phases.
By using these methods, industries and researchers can accurately monitor and control ozone levels, ensuring both effectiveness and safety in various applications.
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