The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a very critical role in regulating plant growth, development, and plant response to biological and abiotic stresses. Bioinformatics analysis shows that the Arabidopsis ABA-responsive protein (ABA-responsive protein, ABR) family contains GRAM domains, and these genes have ABRE response elements upstream. In order to analyze the possible functions of these genes, researchers from the Henan Academy of Sciences and other departments conducted in-depth explorations and analyzed the functions of the ABR protein family in the signal transduction process of ABA and stress.
The phytohormone ABA regulates many aspects of seed dormancy, germination, plant growth and development and its resistance to environmental stresses such as drought, osmosis, salt, etc. Therefore, the molecular mechanism of the role of ABA and its signal transduction has been attracting people's attention.
Recent research on ABA signal transduction has made breakthrough progress, and found ABA receptors and related molecular mechanisms. Studies have shown that PYR / PYLs as ABA receptors are located at the apex of ABA signal transduction pathways, by inhibiting protein phosphate The activity of enzyme 2C (PP2Cs) negatively regulates the signal of ABA. ABA activates the plant's anti-stress response by binding to soluble PYR1 / PYL / RCAR receptors. Four mutants composed of genes encoding ABA receptors show ABA-regulated seeds The sensitivity to germination and root growth is reduced, and the phenotype of ABA-responsive gene expression is decreased.
PYR / PYL receptors sense and bind to intracellular ABA, and form a ternary complex with downstream protein PP2Cs-type protein phosphatase (such as ABI1, ABI2) to activate the downstream PP2Cs target protein SnRK2 (sucrose non-lytic protein kinase 2 ), And SnRK2 plays a key role in the regulation of ABA signaling, including transcriptional regulation in response to ABA and stomatal opening.
In this article, the researchers identified homozygous T-DNA insertion mutants of the ABR family and constructed abr1, abr2, abr3 double and triple mutants. The abr1, abr2, abr3 single mutants did not show any growth And other physiological phenotypes, and the abr1, abr2, abr3 double and triple mutants showed insensitive phenotypes in seed germination to ABA, sodium chloride, mannitol and glucose.
The ABR1 protein is distributed in a dot-like manner in the cytoplasm, which may be located in the inner membrane system, while the ABR2 and ABR3 proteins are located in the cytoplasm. In addition, the ABR1, ABR2 and ABR3 genes are expressed in various plant tissues and are included Abiotic stress including ABA is induced, and their expression is in aba2 (abscisic acid (ABA) -deficient mutant 2, ABA deletion mutant 2), abi1 (abscisic acid insensitive 1, ABA insensitive mutant 1), abi2 (abscisic acid insensitive 2, ABA insensitive mutant 2) deletion mutants were significantly down-regulated. These results suggest that ABR family proteins are involved in ABA signal transduction and are located downstream of abi1 and abi2.
This study first predicted that ABR1, ABR2, and ABR3 might be localized on the plasma membrane, because the GRAM domain is thought to be related to membrane attachment function. However, the transient expression of GFP in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts showed that ABR1 is located in the inner membrane system, and ABR2 and ABR3 are located in the cytoplasm. Therefore, it is believed that the function of the GRAM domain of ABR1, ABR2, and ABR3 may be an organelle membrane-dependent process .
The article also pointed out that ABR1, ABR2, ABR3 may be involved in the stress response of ABA regulation under the control of ABI1, ABI2. Of course, how does ABR1, ABR2, ABR3 respond to ABA signals at the protein level, are they and some Proteins from other families come together to respond to ABA signals, and how they regulate downstream signals. These issues all require further research.
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