What are the three most concentrated sources of damage for inferior plastic runways?

In recent years, inferior polyurethane runways have caused damage to many primary and middle school students, and related reports have been reported frequently. Find out the risk level and source of damage to the polyurethane runway, and implement effective management, which is good for controlling the development of the situation.

Higher risk

This judgment is mainly based on a comprehensive measurement of three aspects.

First, risk monitoring showed that the proportion of suspected risks of total volatiles, toluene and solid samples in 20 polyurethane runways in 13 middle schools and 7 elementary schools in 4 cities in Guangdong was 25%. One of the runways was assessed as a serious risk and one was assessed as a medium risk. In 2014, the Guangdong Provincial Quality Supervision Bureau carried out the polyurethane track risk monitoring work. It took two years to continuously monitor and sample in different seasons, climates, time and ventilation conditions, simulate the real motion situation and test, and consider the exposure-dose response. Establish a model to infer the release of harmful substances over time.

Second, the typical case analysis found that during the fall of the past three years, the frequency of risk events occurred frequently, and the incidents were mainly acute and mild injuries, but individual severe injuries were not excluded. For example, in 2015, a primary school in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, a polyurethane runway injury incident, parents statistics show that the school's 12 classes of more than 600 people with symptoms of 44.8%, 104 nosebleeds, dizziness, headaches 57 people, vomiting 16 people Other manifestations include upper respiratory tract inflammation, chest tightness, fatigue, and hair loss. One of the most serious students was diagnosed as “benzene poisoning”.

Third, the management work shows that the high degree of risk of polyurethane runways has been taken seriously and incorporated into the risk prevention and control of state organs. According to the Ministry of Education's work data, by September 2016, there were 68,929 plastic trackes in primary and secondary schools nationwide, and 2,191 blocks were built in 4,799 blocks, and 93 were eliminated. This risk situation is prominent in the runways of primary and secondary schools and exists in universities, communities and public sports venues. In the developed regions, the above-mentioned conditions are generally reflected. For example, in the middle schools and primary schools in the Pearl River Delta region, the polyurethane runway with a built-in time of about one year has a higher probability of injury in the fall school, and the damage is mild, the overall risk. The degree is higher, but the risk is gradually controlled, showing a trend of gradually decreasing. Professional understanding and the public's feelings may not be consistent. For each parent or party who has experienced a poisonous runway event, the objective damage results and subjective consciousness may be magnified and strengthened, but it does not represent objective. Evaluation.

The source of damage is concentrated

The analysis found that the source of harmful substances in the polyurethane runway is diverse. Benzene, toluene, xylene, formaldehyde, free toluene diisocyanate, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatiles are the main damage factors. There are three types of damage sources.

The first type is toluene diisocyanate. This is not only a toxic substance, but also one of the two main components of more than 95% of polyurethane runway materials in China, with a strong pungent odor. During the production and use of polyurethane runways, there is a possibility that free evaporation into the air becomes one of the main risk sources for health damage. The volatile release of this substance has a strong regularity, its concentration rises to a maximum at a very short time in the evaporation phase, then decays rapidly, enters a relatively slow decay process, and finally reaches a stable value. The temperature rises, the humidity increases, the air conversion rate increases, the release rate of toluene diisocyanate increases, and the concentration decays rapidly. The construction regulations require that the temperature of the runway construction be above 15 °C. Considering the impact of the construction period on the teaching, the construction of the runway will generally be arranged during the summer vacation. If it is strictly in accordance with the regulations, there will be enough time after the construction to leave the harmful substances volatile, which can be greatly reduced. Risk of injury.

The second category is substances such as benzene, toluene and xylene. These are not essential for the production of polyurethane runways, but we have consistently found these substances in continuous monitoring. The most likely source of benzene is the introduction of raw materials, and the toxicity is also the largest among the three. The most likely source of toluene and xylene is solvent residue. In the production process, it may be used to meet the viscosity requirements of the process, and it is easy to construct. The benzene solvent is used to cause harmful substances to remain. Studies have shown that when workers are exposed to low concentrations of benzene, toluene and xylene at an average concentration of 20.7 mg/m3, the cells will undergo different degrees of pathological changes, which may be an early indicator of benzene poisoning. Prolonged exposure to these three substances may lead to elevated blood pressure and decreased white blood cells. This kind of substance may cause acute injury such as discomfort, irritation, headache, bleeding, etc., and may also cause chronic diseases such as leukemia and acute blood system diseases.

The third category is total volatile organic compounds. This is the sum of many volatile organic compounds, with more than 900 major components. Human trials and epidemiological investigations indicate that the concentration of such substances at 0.2 mg/m3 may be considered safe and acceptable, and in combination with other substances in the range of 0.2-3 mg/m3, it may cause irritation, etc., at 3.0- At 25mg/m3, it produces irritation and headache symptoms. When it is greater than 25mg/m3, the acute toxicity effect on the human body is very obvious, mainly manifested as neurotoxicity. In these organics, some of the tastes are detectable by humans, some are unspeakable, and some have an aromatic taste. Studies have shown that the irritating odor we smell is not necessarily the most toxic. Some good smells or smells are not harmful.

Risk management

In the face of the current situation of polyurethane runway risk and source of injury, we need to unite and mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties to carry out targeted prevention and control actions.

First, there must be technical countermeasures at the legislative level. There are technical measures to deal with the risks and injuries that have been discovered. Since we know where the risks are, where the sources of risks come from, the likelihood and severity of the hazards are clear, and even the priorities are clear, we need to develop action guidelines for these aspects and take effective measures to prevent and control risks. Risk of injury, firmly grasp the six key links of production, construction, inspection, raw materials, finished products and prohibited substances to study and solve problems. It is imperative to introduce specific work guidance programs to avoid the development of accidents. In the long run, it is necessary to raise mature work plans into technical standards and regulations, and to strengthen effective management policies from the legislative level.

Second, the administrative level must be pluralistic. Although the runway is small, it is related to the health of children and children and the future of the nation. At present, we must vigorously advocate education, sports, housing construction, quality supervision, environmental protection, health, industry and commerce and other departments to act together. At the same time, it is necessary to disclose the risks and policy requirements to the people, and to communicate with the public in an easy-to-understand way. Only when everyone knows where the risks are and how to effectively supervise them can we form a synergy of governance. It is necessary to advocate the implementation of the main responsibility of enterprises, and to guide the self-discipline of the industry and clean up the portal for the black sheep. It is necessary to give play to the governance role of third-party social organizations, introduce the power of insurance, strengthen the protection of rights and interests, and strengthen the supervision of third-party liability.

Third, there must be innovation at the judicial level. At present, China has vigorously promoted the reform of the public interest litigation system in the fields of consumer rights protection and environmental protection. For the production and construction of inferior polyurethane runways to harm the health of the people, any organization or individual can sue the offenders to protect national interests and social order. In this regard, it is called for the procuratorate, the court and other judicial organs to have a clear attitude and orientation to encourage and promote the development and advancement of the rule of law.

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