In order to support the work of air pollution prevention and control and implement the "Air Pollution Prevention Action Plan" issued by the State Council, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Environmental Protection have organized relevant scientific research units and experts on the basis of the implementation of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" of the Blue Sky Science and Technology Project , Comprehensively sorted out, screened and evaluated relevant scientific research achievements and application of air pollution prevention and control in the National Science and Technology Program since the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", and compiled and compiled the "Advanced Air Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Compilation", of which 17 atmospheric monitoring technologies And equipment selected.
Atmospheric volatile organic compounds fast online monitoring system
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University
Aiming at the key issues of atmospheric gaseous organic matter monitoring in China, the project has independently designed and developed an online monitoring system for volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere with the support of the 863 project “Rapid Online Monitoring Technology for Key Gaseous Pollutants of Atmospheric Compound Pollution†(No.2006AA06A301) . The system uses low-temperature enrichment and concentration technology, combined with gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC / FID / MS) to detect atmospheric volatile organic compounds VOCs (including oxygen-containing volatile organic compounds OVOCs) integrated online measurement technology and equipment. The online R & D and production base of atmospheric VOCs analysis instruments began mass production in 2009 and has sold dozens of them.
Atmospheric fine particles and gaseous precursors integrated online monitoring technology
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Atmospheric fine particle rapid capture / ion chromatography online inorganic salt analyzer collects atmospheric fine particles without film / online fast ion chromatography analyzes water-soluble chemical components, the time resolution of the data is nearly 100 times higher than that of traditional membrane sampling, which makes the research atmosphere The formation mechanism of secondary particles and the high time resolution output by the verification mode become a reality. The performance of the developed instrument is higher than similar foreign products, but the price is only equivalent to 50% of imported products (about 300,000 yuan); online observation results can also be used to verify the online observation results of high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry (3.5 million) . One of the main innovations of the project is the online analysis of atmospheric volatile organic compounds, which has been commercialized and put into the market, and plays an important role in environmental monitoring in Guangdong, Hubei, Nanjing and other places.
Integrated online monitoring instrument and calibration technology for NOx and its photochemical products in the atmosphere
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Atmospheric NO / NO2 / NOx / NOy integrated monitoring instrument using improved ultraviolet light decomposition NO2, chemiluminescence detection and ozone compensation innovative technology developed integrated atmospheric NO / NO2 / NOx / NOy joint observation instrument, overcoming the popular products on the market The instrument has a high NO2 measurement, a low NOy measurement and an inaccurate NO measurement. The accurate measurement results have been successfully used to study the mechanism of atmospheric ozone generation / depletion and precursor NOx. The atmospheric chemistry mechanism research used in the simulation experiment of smoke box has been promoted, which has the value of further commercialization and commercialization development. The rapid online monitoring technology for key gaseous pollutants of atmospheric composite pollution has been developed since 2006. It has developed a series of independent intellectual property rights technical methods and instruments and equipment to provide technical equipment for the establishment of an advanced three-dimensional air pollution monitoring system for urban agglomerations. The gap with the international level has effectively promoted localization. Won the second prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award.
Fast online monitoring technology for atmospheric fine particles and ultrafine particles
Anhui Institute of Optics and Mechanics, Hefei Institute of Material Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Under the support of the 863 project (project number 2009AA06A302), the project developed a dual-wavelength three-channel aerosol detection Raman lidar, a fine particle spectrum analyzer, an atmospheric OC / EC analyzer, and an oscillatory balance particle mass concentration monitor PM10, PM2.5). Breakthroughs have been made in key technologies such as rapid analysis technology for a wide range of particle size spectrum, stable field ionization charge source technology, ultra-high sensitivity atmospheric molecular Raman scattering signal detection technology, and accurate selection of OC / EC critical temperature. This technology has been continuously advancing the industrialization process of the oscillatory balance particle mass concentration monitor through technology transfer and patent implementation license since 2008. The R & D and production bases of the oscillatory balance particulate matter concentration monitor have been established, and more than 300 sets of automatic atmospheric particulate monitors have been installed in provinces such as Anhui, Jiangsu, and Beijing, realizing a new output value of over 33 million yuan. Since 2011, through technology transfer and patent implementation licensing, the industrialization process of dual-wavelength three-channel aerosol detection Raman lidar and rice scattering lidar has been continuously promoted. Up to now, the total sales have exceeded 20 million yuan.
Differential absorption lidar system for detecting the spatial and temporal distribution of ozone
Anhui Institute of Optics and Mechanics, Hefei Institute of Material Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences
At present, the main methods of measuring atmospheric ozone are colorimetric quantitative method, Coulomb primary cell method, optical absorption spectroscopy, solar spectroscopy and differential lidar. Differential lidar is an active remote sensing technology that was introduced when lidar measured water vapor in the mid-1960s and was further developed in the mid-1970s. Supported by the 863 project (project number 2009AA06A311), the vehicle-borne ozone spatial and temporal distribution detection differential absorption lidar system provides a data basis for China's research on the mechanism of photochemical smog and fine particle generation, and provides particulate and The photochemical smog pollution prevention provides technical guarantee. The atmospheric ozone lidar developed in this project carried out a one-month measurement experiment in Changchun City, Jilin Province, providing a large number of effective and reliable data, which greatly promoted the study of the tropospheric ozone generation and transmission mechanism. The system has good performance stability and high degree of automation. This achievement will provide new technical means for China's three-dimensional monitoring, provide equipment support for early warning of atmospheric air pollution, and promote the development of China's environmental monitoring technology.
Portable multi-component gas ultraviolet and infrared field analyzer
Anhui Institute of Optics and Mechanics, Hefei Institute of Material Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences
The project is supported by the topic of 863 Plan "Multi-component Gas Pollution Emission Monitoring Equipment for Industrial Sources" (No.2009AA063006), aiming at SO2, NO2, CO, CO2, NO, sulfide, organic pollutants and other pollutant gases, independently developed portable multi-component gas ultraviolet field analyzer and portable multi-component flue gas infrared analyzer. It has made technical breakthroughs in the design of efficient ultraviolet absorption optical systems and inversion algorithms for multi-component spectral data; effectively solved the difficulty of miniaturizing instruments that use ultraviolet differential absorption spectroscopy to meet the measurement of multiple gases; developed and designed portable multi-group The flue gas infrared analyzer uses a combination of multiple reflection cells and multi-band optical filtering technology to achieve highly sensitive continuous automatic monitoring of multi-component gases. Portable multi-component gas ultraviolet field analyzer and portable multi-component flue gas infrared analyzer have been applied and demonstrated in Anhui Province, Hebei and other places. Now a professional production line has been built. By expanding the machining workshop, a large number of additional The testing and debugging equipment has formed an annual production capacity of 100 sets.
Pollution source emission telemetry technology system
Anhui Institute of Optics and Mechanics, Hefei Institute of Material Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences
With the support of the project 863 "Multi-component Gas Pollution Emission Monitoring Equipment for Industrial Sources" (No.2009AA063006), the project independently developed a pollution source emission telemetry technology system. Focused on solving key technologies such as the design of a highly stable and sensitive ultraviolet-visible telemetry system, the accurate inversion technology of pollutant gas spectrum to remove multiple atmospheric interference effects, and the acquisition technology of pollutant gas emission flux combined with wind field data. The system is mainly applied to the monitoring of pollutant gas emissions from pollution sources (point sources, area sources, non-organized emission sources), which is convenient for environmental management departments to carry out supervisory monitoring to meet the national environmental departments' need for supervisory monitoring of industrial emission pollution. In February 2011, the subject successfully completed acceptance. At present, China's measurement of pollution source emissions mainly uses source emission line monitoring equipment (CEMS) to obtain pollutant gas emissions, which is mainly applicable to elevated point pollution sources, while for area sources, unorganized sources and regional sources, only through materials The balance method performs statistical calculations and cannot be obtained by actual measurement. The successful development of this system can be applied to the supervised monitoring of pollution sources, to meet the national environmental management department's need for supervised monitoring of industrial discharge pollution, and at the same time fill the gap in the domestic technical field.
Non-point source VOCs and greenhouse gas continuous automatic monitoring system for key pollutants
Anhui Institute of Optics and Mechanics, Hefei Institute of Material Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences
The project is under the 863 project topic "Atmospheric multi-component pollutants and their continuous automatic monitoring technology and equipment in time and space distribution" (2007AA061504), Anhui Provincial Science and Technology Research Project-Real-time monitoring technology of volatile organic pollutant gas concentration and emission flux of pollution sources and With the support of the equipment (09010301016), the long-path open optical path infrared spectroscopy measurement and processing technology was studied; the dual-arm scanning interference optical path, an accurate scanning control circuit based on the combination of He-Ne laser and PSD was designed, and the wavelength range 2 ~ 15um, 1cm-1 resolution, stable and reliable, high signal-to-noise ratio Fourier transform infrared spectrometer; established a quantitative database of infrared spectra including more than 350 kinds of VOCs and greenhouse gases; studied the background spectrum real-time iterative fitting algorithm and instrument line Type correction method, developed a multi-component gas quantitative analysis algorithm and software based on synthetic calibration spectroscopy technology. Based on the open light path Fourier transform infrared multi-component gas analysis method, a continuous automatic monitoring system for VOCs and greenhouse gas emissions from key non-point sources with independent intellectual property rights was developed. The system adopts a dual-station configuration with separate transmission and reception. The whole device is composed of four parts: infrared light source emission unit, infrared reception unit, Fourier transform spectrometer, system automatic control and data analysis. The system has the functions of continuous automatic spectral measurement and processing, quantitative analysis and display, data storage and playback, etc., which realizes non-contact, long-path, multi-component of non-point source VOCs and greenhouse gas concentrations (10-20 species can be analyzed simultaneously) Gas composition), high sensitivity (lower detection limit of main components <10ppb) continuous automatic monitoring. The system can be used for real-time continuous automatic monitoring of VOCs and greenhouse gas multi-component emissions from key pollution non-point sources, such as petrochemical industrial areas, large garbage disposal sites, large breeding farms, and oil and gas storage and transportation stations.
Rapid telemetry system for multicomponent emissions flux of air pollution
Anhui Institute of Optics and Mechanics, Hefei Institute of Material Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences
The project is under the 863 project topic "Continuous Automatic Monitoring Technology and Equipment for Atmospheric Multicomponent Pollutants and Their Spatial and Temporal Distribution" (2007AA061504) and the Anhui Provincial Science and Technology Research Project "Real-time Monitoring Technology and Concentration of Volatile Organic Pollutant Gas Concentration and Emission Flux from Pollution Sources" With the support of "Equipment" (09010301016), a new method for measuring the daily flux of multi-component pollutant gas emissions such as VOCs in industrial areas (factory boundaries) was launched. The infrared spectroscopy measurement and processing technology based on the solar occlusion method is studied, the concentration distribution algorithm of the vertical column of multi-component gas emitted in the region based on the solar radiation transmission and simulation calibration algorithm is proposed, and the pollution based on the solar occlusion method with independent intellectual property rights Gas emission flux telemetry algorithm software. On the basis of the Fourier transform infrared gas flux measurement method based on the sun mask method, a rapid telemetry system for multi-component emissions flux of air pollution with independent intellectual property rights was developed to realize VOCs, SO2, NO2 in industrial areas (factory boundaries) , CO, NH3 and other multi-component gas emission fluxes are monitored by vehicle remote sensing. The vehicle-mounted system mainly includes an automatic sun tracker, a spectrometer, an optical transmission unit, a meteorological instrument, and a GPS. The system uses the infrared radiation of the sun as a light source, and the vehicle quickly moves to scan the polluted emission area, measures the column concentration distribution of polluted gas in its peripheral atmosphere, and combines the meteorological parameters such as wind speed and wind direction to calculate the polluted gas emission flux. The lower limit of the vertical column concentration measurement of the system polluted gas: 1 ~ 15ppm · m, the lower limit of flux detection: 0.03 ~ 0.1kg / h. The system can be used to monitor the emission flux of multi-component polluted gas in industrial areas (power plants, steel plants, oil refineries, petrochemical plants, crude oil storage plants, etc.).
Regional Air Pollution Source Identification and Dynamic Source List Technology
Institute of Air Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University
Most of the existing research work on regional source emissions in China is independent and scattered. The comprehensive, standardized and dynamic regional emissions information is extremely lacking. On the one hand, it cannot fully reflect the emission status and spatio-temporal characteristics of pollution sources. Requirements for the evaluation of the effects of regional regulation and pollution control. In response to the above-mentioned problems, the project established the technology-based dynamic source inventory compilation technology with the support of the topic of “Regional Atmospheric Pollution Source Identification and Dynamic Source Inventory Technology and Application†(No. 2006AA06A305) of the 863 Program, covering electricity, heating, industry, Main anthropogenic sources such as civil, transportation, and agriculture, and cover primary particulate matter (including PM10, PM2.5, BC, OC) and major gaseous pollutants (including SO2, NOx, NMVOCs, CO, NH3). The dynamic source inventory technology is based on a complete source classification system to establish the mapping relationship between energy statistics and source classification and the dynamic replacement curve of production process / pollution control technology, fully considering the impact of technological evolution on emissions changes, and comprehensively constructing a comprehensive reflection of China ’s complex emissions. Quantitative method of air pollutant emissions based on source characteristics and emission trends. The total investment of this project is about 2 million yuan. The list products are adopted by more than 90 institutions at home and abroad, including government departments, scientific research institutions, colleges and universities, etc., and are widely used in pollution feature simulation, pollution source analysis and control planning assessment. The users all gave high marks.
Screening and Recognition Technology of Regional Sensitive Sources
School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology
In the early stage, the project undertook the 973 project of the Ministry of Science and Technology, "Research on the Interaction Mechanism of Energy Metabolism of Urban Living Body and Air Pollution" (Project No .: 2005CB724201), and the Major Olympic Green Project of Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, "Regional Source Emission Inventory and Verification" (Project No .: HB200504-3), the 863 project "Recognition Technology of Key Pollutant Sources of Urban Complex Air Pollution" (Project Number: 2006AA06A305), etc., using a combination of meteorological flow field diagnostic analysis and environmental numerical simulation to achieve regional pollution New breakthroughs have been made in diagnosis and identification, and screening of sensitive sources. A cluster analysis technique of pollutant transport trajectory combining MM5-HYSPLIT and K-means clustering was developed, which can determine the pollutant transport path and frequency that affect the air quality of the target city. Based on the MM5-CAMQ coupling mode system, the flux gradient identification technology of the pollutant transportation channel is established, which can determine the most prone position and time period of the typical pollution transportation channel in the region, automatically identify the transportation channel and realize the three-dimensional output of the transportation channel. At present, the technology has been demonstrated in Beijing, Tangshan, Guangzhou and other regions, and is planned to be further promoted in other cities across the country.
Air quality multi-model integrated forecasting system
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
In recent years, with the strong support of policies, projects and funds from the relevant departments of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Environmental Protection and other relevant departments, especially since the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", the comprehensive prevention and control technology for atmospheric complex pollution in key urban agglomerations of the National 863 Program With the support of "Integrated Demonstration", China has made breakthroughs in independent model research and development, atmospheric chemistry data assimilation technology, and model common technology. It has taken the lead in building the world's first air quality multi-model integrated business forecasting system. The system is based on the self-developed nested grid air quality forecasting model NAQPMS. It integrates many common features such as optimal interpolation and integrated Kalman filtering, assimilation techniques of atmospheric chemistry data, atmospheric composite pollution chemical reaction simulation techniques, pollution source identification and tracking, etc. Technology, combined with the CMAQ and CAMx models in the United States, constructed a multi-model integrated forecasting system for regional atmospheric composite pollution in China. The system can provide 3-day short-term meteorological elements and fine forecast of air quality and 7-day trend forecast. The uncertainty of short-term forecast is less than 30%; the system can run stably for a long time, the forecast time limit is less than 8 hours, and the automation rate is 100%. The system can be applied to regional, urban air quality simulation, forecasting and early warning. The entire investment of the system is 12 million yuan. According to the power consumption of the equipment, the operating costs of electricity and management are about 300,000 yuan / year, and the annual warranty and maintenance costs are about 500,000 yuan.
Evaluation Technology of Urban Motor Vehicle Emission Control Decision
Tsinghua University
The motor vehicle emission factor model has been the basis of motor vehicle pollution control decisions in many cities at home and abroad. With the support of the 863 project (2009AA06Z304) and the scientific research projects of environmental protection bureaus in many cities (such as Beijing, Macau, etc.), the project has developed a vehicle emission factor model suitable for the characteristics of Chinese cities. The two models of urban motor vehicle emission factor model and urban motor vehicle emission comprehensive control decision-making platform developed by the project adopt the most advanced software programming technology and database technology, and the software graphical user interface is friendly. It is an important tool used by relevant government department managers and researchers in relevant academic institutions for urban motor vehicle emission decision-making, and has a very broad application prospect in the control of motor vehicles in other cities in China. At present, the relevant models developed by the research group have been demonstrated and applied in Beijing, Guangzhou, Macau, Nanjing and other large cities, and the results are very good. It is planned to be further promoted in Xining, Urumqi, Dalian and other cities.
Multi-source satellite remote sensing comprehensive monitoring technology for atmospheric pollution
Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences
With the strong support of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Environmental Protection and other relevant departments, especially since the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", under the support of the 863 Program major project "Comprehensive Air Pollution Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology and Integrated Demonstration in Key Urban Agglomerations" It has developed a multi-source satellite remote sensing model and algorithm for ambient air quality, and broke through the core technology of China ’s heavily polluted environmental satellite remote sensing to retrieve ambient air quality parameters such as haze, aerosol, respirable particulate matter, pollutant gases and greenhouse gases, and established ambient air. The quality satellite remote sensing monitoring technology system has established for the first time in the world an ambient air quality satellite monitoring business system based on multi-source satellite data, forming aerosols, haze, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, etc. for mainstream satellites at home and abroad46 The rapid production capacity of remote sensing products needed by many countries has created the technical specifications for satellite remote sensing monitoring of ambient air quality, and developed the "multi-satellite reception-quantitative inversion-thematic production-briefing analysis" atmospheric environmental satellite monitoring operational technology system to fill China. The gap in the field of satellite remote sensing monitoring of atmospheric environment. This technology can provide spatial distribution of parameters such as optical thickness of haze and clear aerosol, PM10 and PM2.5 concentration, molecular column concentration of SO2, NO2, CO, CH4, etc. The total investment of the project is about 6 million yuan. The operating cost is based on the power consumption of the equipment. The operating costs for electricity and management are about 500,000 yuan / year, and the annual warranty and maintenance costs are about 500,000 yuan. Environmental protection departments such as the Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center and the Environmental Satellite Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection have used the atmospheric remote sensing monitoring system in this project as the basic means of regional pollution monitoring.
A representative mark analysis technique for ambient air monitoring
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University
Imprint analysis technology provides detailed spatial and temporal representative information for environmental monitoring results, and provides technical means for monitoring station network optimization, pollution source analysis, source inversion, and observation experiment design. The project developed a practical imprint analysis model under the support of the 863 Program Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology (2006AA06A306) and the scientific research projects of the Urban Environmental Protection Bureau of Beijing. The technology consists of two main parts, namely Lagrange particle diffusion simulation method and imprint analysis method. Air pollution mark analysis technology can effectively identify the source characteristics of regional pollutants and provide a scientific basis for in-depth understanding of the causes of regional pollution and pollution control decisions. The project was started in 2006 and passed the inspection and acceptance in 2011. The investment in this project is about 400,000 yuan. The imprint analysis technology plays an important role in the construction and improvement of the atmospheric environmental monitoring website in the Pearl River Delta region, and ensures the successful completion of large-scale research projects in the region; it also plays an important reference role in improving the layout of the monitoring website in Ningbo.
Atmospheric PM2.5 water-soluble pollutant components and gaseous precursor online monitoring system
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University
Aiming at the key issues of atmospheric gaseous organic matter monitoring in China, the project developed the first set of independent intellectual property rights suitable for domestic environmental applications under the support of the 863 project "Rapid Online Monitoring Technology for Atmospheric Compound Pollution of Key Gaseous Pollutants" (No.2006AA06A301) The online measurement instrument (GAC-IC system) of water-soluble pollutant components of atmospheric PM2.5 and its gaseous precursors, independently developed a rotary frosted wet diffuser with a frosted surface and an aerosol trapping device impacted by a condensing cyclone, Under the control of self-developed software and hardware, it realizes automatic continuous observation, data synchronization transmission and other functions. The instrument is cheap, low in cost and easy to maintain. Since 2013, this project is advancing the process of industrialization. Several product-based online instruments have been used in the air quality assessment of the Guangzhou Asian Games, the study of air pollution in Beijing, the air pollution control plan of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and the cross-border air pollutants in East Asia. Demonstration and application have been carried out in projects such as transportation.
Fast online monitoring system for peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs) compounds
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University
With the support of the 863 project "Rapid Online Monitoring Technology for Key Gaseous Pollutants of Atmospheric Compound Pollution" (No.2006AA06A301), China has independently designed and developed a rapid online monitoring system for PANs in the atmosphere. The system also includes an online zero gas generation and online calibration system that is independently designed and developed. It uses nitric oxide and acetone to synthesize the standard gas online, replacing the liquid standard gas used in the previous instrument, reducing the cost of the instrument and making the system more applicable. It is used for field observation and long-term monitoring by environmental monitoring stations; and the system adopts a modular design, which is conducive to use, maintenance and promotion. The system uses gas chromatography (GC-ECD) to detect atmospheric peroxyacyl nitrate compounds PANs integrated online measurement technology and equipment. Since 2013, this project is advancing the process of industrialization. Several online instruments have been carried out in projects such as Beijing Olympic Air Quality Assurance, Shanghai World Expo Air Quality Assessment, Guangzhou Asian Games Air Quality Assessment, and Beijing Area Air Pollution Research. Demonstration and application.
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