Glucose injections for patients' infusions are packaged in three types: glass bottles, plastic bottles, and infusion bags. Their performance (ie, the biological, chemical, and physical properties of glucose injections) was compared: the glass bottles were the best, the plastic bottles were the next, and the infusion bags were the worst. Their price comparisons were: glass bottles were the lowest and plastic bottles were the glass bottles. More than 2 times, the infusion bag is more than three times the glass bottle. At present, the market for glass bottles has become smaller, and the market for plastic bottles and infusion bags has grown. Why? How to do?
Appendix: Performance comparison of large infusion of glass bottles, plastic bottles, and infusion bags - Take glucose and sodium chloride injection as an example
One, big infusion before dispensing
Note: 1. The infusion filling is hot filling. Negative pressure is generated in the closed bottle after hot filling. If there is no negative pressure in the large infusion bottle, use is prohibited.
2. There are air permeability, water permeability, etc. in the plastic bottle and infusion bag (for infusion bag). There is no negative pressure inside.
2.1 In large humidity, or toxic, corrosive gas storage environment, plastic bottles, infusion bag large infusion should not be used.
2.2 The use of plastic bottles and infusion bags for infusion outside the bottle and outside the bag, which are contaminated or corroded, is prohibited.
3. When plastic bottles and infusion bags are formed, there are more particles falling off (infusion bags are very important). When they are in use, they must be inspected at light spots. If the clarity is affected, use of them is prohibited.
4, PVC infusion bags release toxic substances and other issues at high temperatures, should pay attention.
Glass Bottle: Biological Properties / Microorganisms Non-pyrogenic
Chemical Properties / PH Value 3.8-5.0 Heavy Metals ≤ 0.3ppm Others -
Physical properties / Particles ≥10um ≤10 particles/ml Absorbance ≤0.10 Clarity Clear
Plastic Bottle: Biological Properties / Microorganisms Non-pyrogenic
Chemical Properties / PH Value 3.6-5.3 Heavy Metals ≤ 0.5ppm Others -
Physical properties / Particles ≥10um ≤19 particles/ml Absorbance ≤0.25 Clarity Second
Infusion bag: biological properties / microorganisms no pyrogens
Chemical Properties / PH 3.5-5.5 Heavy Metals ≤ 0.5ppm Others -
Physical properties / Particles ≥10um ≤20 particles/ml Absorbance ≤0.25 Clarity Second
Conclusion: 1. Meet the requirements of the pharmacopoeia.
2. The glass bottle has the least influence on the liquid medicine.
3, plastic bottles, infusion bags there are water permeability, gas and more off the particles (infusion bag for example),
Will affect the quality of large infusions.
Second, large infusion after dispensing
Description: 1. Normalize dispensing with dosing device.
2. Syringe dispensing and dispensing operations have a great influence on the performance of large infusions (especially when used in infusion bags for large infusions). Their performance is not comparable and will not be compared here.
Glass bottles: Biological properties / Microorganisms 0-1 bottles/bottle pyrogenes None
Chemical Properties / PH Value 3.8-5.0 Heavy Metals ≤ 0.3ppm Others -
Physical properties / Particles ≥10um ≤10 particles/ml Absorbance ≤0.10 Clarity Clear
Plastic Bottles: Biological Properties / Microorganisms 0-1 Bottles / Bottle Heatless
Chemical Properties / PH Value 3.6-5.3 Heavy Metals ≤ 0.5ppm Others -
Physical properties / Particles ≥10um ≤19 particles/ml Absorbance ≤0.25 Clarity Second
Infusion bags: biological performance / microbiology 0-2 bottles / bottle pyrogen
Chemical Properties / PH 3.5-5.5 Heavy Metals ≤ 0.5ppm Others -
Physical properties / Particles ≥10um ≤20 particles/ml Absorbance ≤0.25 Clarity Second
Conclusion: 1, dispensing operation will pollute the liquid.
2. Infusion bag infusion is most likely to be contaminated by dispensing operations.
Third, after infusion (into the body of liquid medicine)
Note: 1. Different from glass infusion bottle and plastic infusion bag, infusion requires outside air to enter the bottle from the exhaust pipe of the infusion set. The liquid in the bottle will be contaminated by foreign matter in the air again.
1.1 In a normal environment (such as a general ward), foreign matter in the air includes living microorganisms, particles, etc. The air is filtered by an air filter in the exhaust pipe of the infusion set, and the air is purified air. The cleanliness is 100,000 or more, and the purified gas is greater than 0.5. The particles of um ≤ 20 particles/L and the number of live microorganisms ≤ 0.5/L.
1.2 In some special environments (such as some respiratory infectious disease wards, oil fumes, etc., in which there is pollution or toxic, corrosive gas environment), abnormal air is still filtered through the air filter in the exhaust pipe on the infusion set. The properties of the liquid, such as liquids, should be avoided as much as possible, or infusion bags that do not require the intake of the exhaust pipe should be used.
2. Choose the infusion device, the air filter pore size should be less than 0.45um, preferably within 0.1um so that bacteria, viruses, etc. can be completely filtered out.
Glass Bottles: Biological Performance / Microorganisms 0-2 Bottles / Heater None
Chemical Properties / PH Value 3.8-5.0 Heavy Metals ≤ 0.3ppm Others -
Physical properties / particles ≥10um ≤10+0.1 particles/ml absorbance ≤0.10 clarity clear
Plastic Bottles: Biological Performance / Microorganisms 0-2 Bottles / Heater None
Chemical Properties / PH Value 3.6-5.3 Heavy Metals ≤ 0.5ppm Others -
Physical properties / Particles ≥10um ≤19+0.1 particles/ml Absorbance ≤0.25 Clarity Second
Infusion bags: biological performance / microbiology 0-2 bottles / bottle pyrogen
Chemical Properties / PH 3.5-5.5 Heavy Metals ≤ 0.5ppm Others -
Physical properties / Particles ≥10um ≤20 particles/ml Absorbance ≤0.25 Clarity Second
Conclusion: 1. The air passes through the air filter in the exhaust pipe of the infusion set and enters the glass bottle and the plastic bottle, which will affect the quality of the liquid and affect the size depending on the environment.
2. In the normal environment, the glass infusion solution is selected to enter the human body and the performance is optimal.
Author's Note: There are problems with the quality of conventional glass bottle infusion stoppers and plastic films underneath, which need to be improved, and improvements will increase costs. As the price of glass infusion is too low, it is not worthwhile for manufacturers to improve the bottle stopper and plastic film. Therefore, the manufacturer changed the entire infusion package and changed it into a plastic bottle and an infusion bag, and the price of the plastic infusion bottle and the infusion bag. To be much higher, manufacturers cost, value!
Plastic bottles and infusion bags will have a new impact on the quality of large infusions and bring new problems. In fact, the performance indicators of large infusions of plastic bottles and infusion bags are worse than those of glass bottles.
Poor performance, high pricing, better economic performance; good performance, due to early pricing, can not make "modern" quotes, low prices, the worse the economic benefits, which is reasonable?
There is a problem with the price system of medicines!
Pricing of drugs should include factors such as good and poor performance of the drugs themselves, and the balance of performance and price should be balanced. The price of large infusion bottles should be increased. The price of large infusion bottles for plastic bottles and infusion bags should be lowered, and then lowered!
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