Landslide in Yongbaozhai, Central Sichuan and its damage to gas pipelines
The Yongbaozhai landslide, which occurred in 1993, caused significant damage to the natural gas pipelines along the Suining-Shehong line. This event took place in a region characterized by complex geological conditions and frequent slope instability. The area is part of the Foreland Basin, known for its vast natural gas reserves and extensive pipeline infrastructure. Over the years, more than 8,900 kilometers of pipelines have been constructed, but many have faced challenges due to landslides and other geological hazards.
Among the most notable landslides affecting the pipeline network are the Huangshiban, Jianchaling, Wanchang, Jiupansi, Gongjing Taipingshan, and Yongbaozhai landslides. These events have led to pipeline displacement, deformation, and even rupture, resulting in major economic losses and disruptions in gas supply. The impact of such disasters on both industrial and agricultural activities has been substantial, highlighting the urgent need for effective mitigation strategies.
The Yongbaozhai landslide, in particular, was triggered by heavy rainfall and the unique geological characteristics of the region. Located on the western slope of Yongbaozhai Mountain in Suining City, the landslide involved a large volume of material that slid toward the northwest. The movement disrupted the gas pipeline, causing it to be pushed out of its trench and severely damaged. The pipeline, originally laid along the slope, was subjected to intense lateral forces, leading to bending and breaking. As a result, the flow of purified gas was interrupted, and local communities suffered from both economic and environmental consequences.
Geographically, the area features low hills with gentle slopes and a subtropical humid monsoon climate. Annual rainfall is high, and the rainy season often coincides with periods of increased landslide activity. The underlying geology consists mainly of Jurassic strata, including brick-red mudstone and siltstone, which are prone to weathering and erosion. This weak lithology contributes to slope instability and increases the likelihood of landslides.
The occurrence of the Yongbaozhai landslide was influenced by several factors, including the presence of a river at the slope's front edge, which created an effective free surface for sliding. Additionally, previous collapses and artificial activities, such as quarrying, contributed to the accumulation of loose materials on the slope. Heavy rainfall during the event further saturated the soil, increasing pore water pressure and reducing the shear strength of the slope materials.
The landslide developed gradually, with early signs including bulging cracks and ground uplift. The process can be divided into two stages: initial deformation and eventual failure. The weak structural surface within the weathered layer played a critical role in facilitating the slide. Once the stress exceeded the slope's capacity, the entire mass moved rapidly, causing extensive damage.
This case highlights the importance of conducting thorough engineering geological surveys when selecting pipeline routes in hilly regions. Proper assessment of slope stability and implementation of preventive measures, such as drainage systems and slope reinforcement, can significantly reduce the risk of future incidents. In addition, long-term ecological management, including reforestation and sustainable land use, is essential for mitigating the frequency and severity of such disasters.
In conclusion, the Yongbaozhai landslide serves as a critical case study for understanding the interaction between geological processes and infrastructure development. By learning from past events, engineers and planners can make informed decisions to enhance the resilience of gas pipeline systems in vulnerable areas. Effective disaster prevention and management require a combination of scientific analysis, practical engineering solutions, and responsible environmental stewardship.
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