Crack the splicing password in DNA
A research team led by Professor Braden Ferrer of the University of Toronto in Canada found that a hidden "splicing code" in DNA can be used to explain why a limited number of human genes can produce such a huge amount of genetic information. Related articles will be published in the "Nature" magazine published on May 6.
This discovery uncovers one of the most important mysteries in genetics research. Scientists can use this to explain how living cells use a limited number of genes to create very complex organs like the brain. Scientists believe that the discovery bridges the gap between human knowledge of the genome and the complex production processes in the cell over the years, and helps predict and prevent the occurrence of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
In 2004, when the human genome map was drawn, scientists discovered nearly 20,000 genes in the human body. Scientists have also discovered that living cells use these genes to produce more abundant and more dynamic sources of indicators, which are composed of thousands of genetic information that guide the activities of cells.
In order to explain how living cells produce such a huge diversity in their genetic information, Professor Fei Lei and other researchers have developed a new computer-aided biological analysis method to find the "passwords" hidden in the genome. It is these "password words" that make up the so-called "splice password".
These codes contain various biological laws. These laws govern the following processes: the separate parts of a piece of genetic information copied from a single gene can be spliced ​​together in different ways to produce different genetic information. Scientists say that three genes of neural adhesion molecules can produce 3000 genetic information that help control the brain network.
Professor Fei Lei likened his discovery to: you are listening to the symphony orchestra in the room outside the locked door, and when the door is opened, you realize that as long as three or four musicians complete the symphony you just enjoyed .
Professor Fei Lei said that before, scientists could not foresee how genetic information was rearranged or spliced ​​in a living cell. At present, they have used the "splicing code" they discovered to successfully predict how thousands of genetic information can be rearranged in different ways in many different biological tissues.
Someone walked into a black hole building and groped to push open the windows of several rooms, slowly seeing what the room looked like. But he did not know how many rooms there were in the building, nor the connection between each room. This scenario is just like human beings exploring the young life sciences today. Since the discovery of the DNA double helix structure in the 1950s, some molecular mechanisms of inheritance have been revealed. We already know that gene regulation and expression in the course of life are subject to countless codes, which may include Professor Fei Lei's "splicing code". Because of the darkness in the building, every ray of sunlight that penetrates seems precious.
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