Benefits of fitness exercise for children's cognition, brain function and academic performance Date:2016-01-19 08:40
1 Introduction Many studies have confirmed in recent years that participation in fitness exercises not only improves physical health, but also promotes cognitive performance and improves the efficiency of brain functioning. Recent cross-sectional studies in children have shown that high-aerobic fitness people exhibit better cognitive performance and brain structure than children with low aerobic fitness. In addition, the longitudinal study also pointed out that children participating in long-term fitness intervention programs not only improve their fitness, but also significantly improve the cognitive function and the performance of brain neural potential. It is worth mentioning that these positive benefits seem to extend to one of the important practical manifestations of cognition and brain function. That is, children’s academic performance in schools shows that fitness activities or physical fitness in children’s cognitive functions, brain functions, and The key role played in academic development. The relevance of children's cognition, brain, and academic achievement has become an important area of ​​education and science. The brain structure has been confirmed to have a high correlation with cognitive ability. For example, the gray matter density and thickness of the prefrontal cortex is higher, and its intelligence performance is also better. Similarly, in the children's growth process, due to the changes in the maturity of the brain structure, it is accompanied by the development of cognitive functions. In addition, cognitive functions, especially high-level executive control functions, have been considered to be related to children's academic performance such as reading and mathematics. Therefore, it seems that the brain, cognitive function and children's academic performance are related and worth exploring. Importantly, some scholars believe that fitness exercise may be an adjusting factor that promotes the development of brain structure and function as well as children's academic performance. For further evaluation and discussion, this article will search for "children," "sports," "cognition," "brains," and "academic performance." Since children are a word with a large age span, and the cognitive characteristics of children of different ages will differ due to the development process, this article focuses on pre-adolescent children aged 9 to 10 years to reduce variability due to development. The inferences that influence the findings of retrospective studies. On the other hand, contemporary research on fitness exercise and cognitive function issues can be divided into two areas of acute exercise, and this article is the main area of ​​review. The purpose of the study of acute fitness exercise is to explore the effects of single fitness intervention on cognitive function; while the study of chronic fitness exercise aims to explore the changes or differences in cognitive function of long-term fitness exercise or different physical fitness. Specifically, this article explores the possible benefits of physical fitness or physical fitness on children’s cognitive and academic performance in the field of acute and chronic fitness exercises. From the perspective of cognitive neuroscience, especially the brain potential, the article understands the possible mechanism of this benefit at the level of neuroelectric activation in the brain and aims to present results of cognitive fitness related issues for children in contemporary fitness exercises. , to provide the basis for future education and science. 2 Effects of Acute Fitness Exercise 2.1 The study of acute fitness and adult cognitive function in acute fitness aims to explore the effects of temporary physiological changes on cognitive function after a single fitness intervention. At present, the impact of acute exercise on cognitive function has been confirmed or evaluated by many research institutes. For example, in order to understand how acute exercise regulates the executive control ability of high-level cognitive function, Hillman et al. measured the fitness intervention after participants performed acute aerobic exercise (intensity: 83.5% maximum heart rate; duration: 30 min). Effect on flanker task performance. The design of the side-suppression task is based on the simultaneous presence of five arrows as experimental stimuli. At the time of execution, the participants must perform keystroke responses in the direction indicated by the arrows arranged in the middle, and at the same time, the interference of the four lateral arrows must be suppressed. Depending on the direction of the arrow, the test may include both congruent and incongruent situations. In the context of compatibility, the arrow is arranged as ">>>>>". At this time, participants must follow the arrows in the middle to do a right-click reaction; in the inconsistent situation, the arrow is arranged as
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