Breakthrough in e-paper technology, tablet PCs can be rolled into bags?

One of the plots in Spielberg's movie "Minority Report" is this: A prospective policeman rushed into the Washington subway to avoid the hunter. A traveler by the side is looking at an electronic newspaper as thin as paper, showing the contents of "USA Today". A few seconds later, the face of the fugitive appeared in the newspaper.

This science fiction movie plot may soon become a reality. Updating content in real time is no longer a problem. Recently, scientists at the University of Cincinnati are showing breakthroughs in technology that may make tablets more flexible and cheaper. Maybe tablets wo n’t take long before they can be rolled into your pocket.

The key is the improvement of electronic paper. Compared with the tablet computers we currently use, e-paper has several advantages. First of all, it does not emit light like a TV, but uses paper reflectivity, which means that it can display content without uninterrupted power supply-thus lower power consumption and more energy saving. Secondly, the battery can be lighter due to less power consumption. Third, the minimization of the glow of electronic paper makes the eyes less fatigued and can read in daylight. (See LG mass production electronic paper)

However, e-paper also has defects. Due to the failure to completely hide the ink, its reflectivity to white light is too low, only about 40%, so the e-paper will look a little fuzzy. In addition, the image switching speed of e-paper is too slow, so the video looks very rough.

However, the above problems have been greatly improved. Scientists have increased the reflectivity to 90%-this number has exceeded the quality of magazine paper (76%). In addition, the picture switching speed has also been increased to 15 milliseconds, which has been consistent with the video playback rate. It can be said that this electronic paper integrates the best features of traditional electronic paper and tablet computers, greatly improving the shortcomings of traditional electronic paper that is too dark and video is too slow.

In addition, unlike the use of hardened glass for tablet computers, this electronic paper is made of plastic. So it can be made very thin and light enough to be rolled up.

Frameless e-paper
In traditional electronic paper, the images that make up text, photos, and videos are composed of pixels. In order to prevent pixels from penetrating each other, these pixels are separated by a border. Although these frames are invisible to the naked eye, these inactive spaces can cause dull display delays.

For the first time, this electronic paper has realized borderless pixels. The core is a white porous membrane. The ink can penetrate to the front of the porous membrane for display, or it can hide behind the ink storage layer of the porous membrane. The transparent plastic board sandwiched in the middle can also control the electrons of the electronic paper. It can use the electric field to let the electrons in and out easily.

Usually these inks will hide behind the porous membrane and stand by. With a single order (of course electronic whistle) they will go through the porous membrane to the front. And these inks can also converge into droplets on the surface of the porous membrane, and the droplets can be large enough to fill the required pixels. The design of the ink and this layer of film allows these droplets to adhere to the surface as if the raindrops could be absorbed on the car even during a storm. The protruding structure on the film prevents the ink from sticking together when the electronic paper is pressed.

In addition to making the display lively, frameless pixels can also greatly simplify the manufacturing process of electronic paper.

Resolution needs to be improved
However, the resolution of this electronic paper is a problem. The current resolution is 150 pixels / inch (ppi), which is enough for billboards and other occasions, but this resolution rate is still slightly too low in finer scenes (iPad 2 is 132ppi, the new iPad ’s Is 264ppi). However, resolution is mainly a manufacturing process problem, and it is not difficult to overcome.

At present, this new type of electronic paper is only available in black and white. Researchers are planning to develop a color version similar to LCD. By loading a color filter on the whiteboard, each pixel can be effectively divided into 4 sub-pixels (red, green, blue, and white, respectively). Color electronic paper will reduce the brightness by about half, but it is still commercially acceptable.

If this technology proves to be reliable and the manufacturing cost is low enough, then commercialization is highly likely. At present, scientists are co-developing this electronic paper with a startup Gamma Dynamics. The plan is to make billboards made from this electronic paper within two years and an electronic reader within three years. In the near future, maybe our tablet can be rolled up and put in the pocket?

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