According to the data released, since 2010, China has become the world's second largest consumer of kitchen furniture after the United States. Its consumption accounts for about 8% of global sales and grows by more than 30% per year. According to research by the Austrian Blum company, a kitchen will be used on average 20a, far exceeding the service life of cars, home appliances, computers and other general supplies.
The kitchen is the most frequently used place in family life, and the quality of kitchen furniture will directly affect the relationship between family members. How to make the kitchen more life-like, create higher space utilization value and user activity quality, improve the efficiency and comfort of the kitchen work, and reduce its sense of boring and exhaustion, while strengthening the cooperation and communication between family members. To create a good experience value and humanistic care for the family, this is the social responsibility and design ethical requirements of current kitchen furniture designers.
1Intelligent kitchen furniture system and its interactive design connotation 1.1 The meaning of smart kitchen furniture Kitchen furniture is a series of cabinets (tables) (including fixed furniture, auxiliary cabinets, etc.) used in the kitchen for meal making and storage functions. Also commonly known as cabinets, mainly including cabinets, wall cabinets and other independent cabinets, such as cabinets, high cabinets, etc., and optional functional accessories such as baskets and baskets. It was first proposed by the German Hettich Company in the early 21st century and registered as an independent trademark, but at the time there was no clear definition. The goal of the smart kitchen is to intelligently innovate the internal components of the kitchen furniture and cooperate with intelligent household appliances to make every part of the kitchen more user-friendly, so that users can use it more easily and effortlessly. More interactive. Hettich Company summarized the concept of smart kitchen as “shortening the operating distance, optimizing the operation process, clear function planning, and reasonable space layoutâ€.
1.2 The composition of the intelligent kitchen furniture system Today's consumers are paying more and more attention to their own quality of life, requiring the kitchen to be both beautiful and equipped with a variety of high-quality electrical equipment, with a variety of functions. From the physical point of view, the kitchen system consists of furniture, electrical appliances and physical space; from the perspective of user behavior, the kitchen is a smart living service system that needs to provide healthy, aesthetic and humanized services for the family.
The physical elements of the kitchen furniture system mainly include hanging cabinets, floor cabinets, high cabinets, half-height cabinets, countertop cabinets and some special craft cabinets and decorative fittings, as well as countertops and sinks, hardware fittings, baskets, etc. Kitchen utensils for kitchen utensils such as pots, bowls, scoops, pots, etc., and appliances used in conjunction with them, such as range hoods, microwave ovens, ovens, etc. Kitchen furniture systems are also closely related to the environment in which they are located, as well as kitchen facilities such as water, gas, electricity, and ventilation.
The kitchen is a service system. From the service point of view, it should combine a series of functions according to the principles of ergonomics according to people's cooking habits and procedures, so that user behaviors such as washing, cutting, burning, storage, etc. can be In the whole cabinet system, it meets the requirements of scientific, integrated and humanized. It is important to study the operation flow and action lines of the user in the kitchen for the layout and arrangement of the kitchen space. The operation process of the kitchen is closely related to the user's lifestyle and eating habits. The family in our country is generally Chinese, and the kitchen operation process is roughly the same.
In general, kitchen operations include the following operations: access to raw food, sorting and washing, waste and garbage disposal, cutting, side dishes, cooking (steaming, boiling, roasting, etc.), meals, post-meal treatment (storage, Cleaning, disinfection, garbage disposal, etc., the kitchen furniture and facilities corresponding to these jobs involve countertops, refrigerators, cabinets, sinks, stoves, various cooking tools and utensils, tableware, trash cans, rice cookers, microwave ovens, Oven, etc.
1.3 The interactive design of the intelligent kitchen furniture system The connotation design is a conscious and intuitive effort to achieve meaningful order. Order is not only reflected in the systemicity between products and products, but also in the dynamic relationship between people and things, between people and people and between the environment. How do users interact with products, how to use products as a medium to influence their interaction with others and the environment, which will be the focus of service product interaction design. The kitchen furniture is a work system, emphasizing the kitchen labor operation process. Efficient and comfortable, the human-computer interaction between the user and the furniture is critical to the user's emotional experience of product quality. Allowing users to reduce work, quickly find the items they need, to place and store messy small items, to expand and make full use of the kitchen space, and to keep the kitchen furniture clean and tidy, these are the basic requirements for smart kitchen design.
Kitchen furniture is also a living system. The kitchen is not only a place to work, but also a place for family to live and exchange emotions. Using kitchen furniture as a medium and stage to create and promote interpersonal interactions between family members, create a harmonious family relationship and atmosphere, and create a pleasant life and emotional experience for consumers, which is also an important aspect of intelligent kitchen furniture interaction design.
2 Human-computer interaction design Human-computer interaction in the intelligent kitchen system mainly includes three aspects: a series of actions in the process of using the product, such as information input, retrieval, selection, manipulation, etc.; product behavior, such as voice, damping , image and location tracking, etc.; feedback behavior of user operations and product perception of the environment.
2.1 Behavioral Process Analysis and Its Influencing Factors In the kitchen operation process, the objects and purposes of the user operation are different in different time periods, focusing on the whole operation process and its influencing factors, and analyzing the rationality of the actions at different stages. Finding ideas for design innovation is the key to designing the behavior of kitchen furniture systems.
Such as the electric swing door swinging open mechanism (as shown, the picture source: the author was shot at the Milan Furniture Fair 2012) to ensure the safe operation of the door and the door open state (the user does not touch the open door) . The lifting operation not only conforms to the human-computer interaction relationship, but also makes reasonable use of space. In the whole process of kitchen work, it can ensure that the cabinet door of the storage cabinet can be interrupted at any time, and the static opening state at any angle can be avoided. During the work process, the door is continuously opened and closed when it is necessary to find or take the item.
圄1 electric synchronous door trash can can be designed to be close to the pool or placed under the pool, so that it can be used in the process of using the pool, even in the hands-operated state (such as peeling fruit peels or washing vegetables), only It can be easily opened with knee contact.
Cleaning is a difficult task in the kitchen. How to make kitchen cleaning work easier and easier is the practicality and appeal of kitchen design. For example, the rear baffle is designed to hold the wall and the countertop to prevent water from leaking on the wet rag and the table surface when cleaning (as shown.
2.2 Reduce the movement of people through product movement Through the intelligent design of product operation, users' movements and ergonomic postures (such as bending, squatting, squatting, etc.) can be greatly reduced during operation. Conducive to the convenience of kitchen operation, but also can reduce the cumbersome work of the family, improve the efficiency of the kitchen and save time. For example, the remote rolling door (as shown in a) is designed to be remotely operated by a vertical sliding system, which is easy to operate, saves space, and can be used to observe and find objects from a distance. Another example is the remote control lift door (as shown in b, the picture source: the author shot in the 2012 Jiabao Furniture Company Pavilion) design, using remote control and spring walking pin technology to ensure that the cabinet is self-moving in the vertical direction, and can Staying at any position can reduce the user's operation behaviors such as raising arms and lameness that are not ergonomic and easily cause physical damage.
a) rolling door b) lifting door 圄 4 remote control cabinet □ design 圄 2 rear dam design 圄 3 cabinet design ergonomic point of view, the cabinet is unreasonable: can not see the contents of the cabinet, the user takes the item You have to bend over, struggle to find, or have to vacate the items stored outside in order to take the items in the depths of the cabinet or in the corners of the cabinet (as shown in a, X is designed as a drawer or basket) The form can make the stored items clear at a glance, and it is convenient to access the items. It can also reduce the user's bending, squatting, and laborious search. b (Source: The author shot at the Milan Furniture Fair 2012) The inner sleeve drawer design of the back panel.
3 Interpersonal interaction design If the product is regarded as an element of social interaction, the interaction is not only reflected in the interaction between people and things, but also in the communication relationship between people caused by products. The Frankfurt kitchen set off a revolution in modern kitchen furniture design. At the beginning of the launch, the fundamental purpose of the Frankfurt kitchen was to “reduce the family’s squabbleâ€.
In today's emphasis on experience and service quality, in addition to the basic functions of storage, cleaning, cooking, baking, etc., the smart kitchen furniture system should also consider the design of interpersonal interaction in the family from the following aspects.
3.1 The creation of a common life scene, such as Saffer, emphasizes the coexistence of users, products, and usage environments, and the construction of interactive places, and defines interaction design as "the design of human communication and interactive space." How to use the relationship between products and the environment to create interactive scenarios of users, products and others, and promote communication and communication between people, which is the key to interpersonal interaction design.
The kitchen is the stage for traditional family life and is the place with the most housework. Here, family members work together to taste delicious food and exchange ideas and feelings. However, with the tension of modern urban construction land and the rush of residential housing, modern homes are crowded with various lockers and shovel supplies, which makes the interpersonal interaction function of the kitchen “stage†gradually disappear. The number of modern families is small and the activities are scattered. Taking kitchen furniture as a stage to recreate the scenes of everyday life, it can promote people's family activities and entertainment activities to communicate and cooperate with family members, and promote family stability and harmony. Especially in the case of a small child, the communication between parents and children is of great significance to the child's growth and personality development. Therefore, the kitchen is also an ideal place to look after children and guide their children to participate in housework. At the same time, the kitchen is a place where the owner's taste and style are highlighted. In addition, people can chat, entertain, celebrate oysters or thrift in the kitchen.
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China. QB/T2531?2010 Kitchen Germany Hettich Hardware Accessories Co., Ltd. 芫美生活手册's smart kitchen Victor Papanik. Designed for the real world. Zhou Bo, translated.
Beijing: CITIC Publishing House, 2013: 7-11. Tang Lei, Lin Zuoxin, Zhang Yachi's applicability study of interactive design methods in furniture design. Furniture and interior decoration, 2014 (2): 32-34. Austria Blum Company. Kitchen Design Manual http:// Zhu Junyan, Li Sen. Kitchen furniture design based on multi-functional concept. Scientific Consulting: Technology Management, 2013 (7): 81-82. DanSaffer. Interactive Design Guide. Chen Junliang, Chen Yuan, Li Min, translated. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2010: 3-8. He Junqi. Chinese social kitchen design research based on interactivity and cross-border. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2014. Yi Xin, Yu Shen, Ye Fang. Visual communication design for furniture packaging. Journal of Packaging, 2012, 4(2): 5741. (Editor: Xu Haiyan)
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