I. Research background In 1996, the U.S. military proposed four new operational principles: "precise combat, enemy-driven maneuvers, comprehensive protection, and focused logistics." An important part of the "focus logistics" of the US military is automatic identification technology, including barcode identification, radio frequency identification, optical card identification, and satellite tracking and positioning. At the time of the formation, application and development of "focus logistics", the timely tracking and research of the achievements with the characteristics of our military and the application of them to the military will surely play a very important role in our army's "protective force."
Through learning and research, we believe that we can apply 2D bar code and RF automatic identification technology to the marking of military materials packaging. In the following, we will briefly introduce the characteristics and applications of 2D bar code and RF automatic identification technology.
Second, two-dimensional bar code automatic identification technology features and applications Through the analysis of the bar code symbol system, PDF417 two-dimensional bar code should be the preferred bar code for our military logistics applications. The main features are as follows.
1, the information capacity. Can store 1000 Chinese characters information.
2, a wide range of information types. In addition to language text, it can also represent all digitized information such as sounds, photos, fingerprints, and signatures.
3, confidentiality, security is good. With multiple encryption methods, the information is encoded in a cryptographic format to prevent falsification of operative code symbols or illegal use of related coding information. This feature is very important in military applications.
4, strong error correction ability. In the case of contamination or damage, it can be read as usual, without losing any information. Error correction is divided into 8 levels. The highest level can reproduce the information contained in the bar code symbol of damaged area up to 50%.
5, high decoding reliability. The bit error rate is less than one ten-millionth (0.0000l%). In the management database test conducted by the US Department of Defense, 20 million barcode symbols were read, and there was no case of decoding errors.
6, with anti-electromagnetic properties, and can fax, photocopying, you can bend.
7, independent of the network, can be used independently.
The two-dimensional operation code is used as the packaging mark of logistic materials, enabling the development of packaging from protective type to Functional type, and realizing the whole process of material flow management. The U.S. military uses 2D bar codes as a standard for logistic management and cargo transportation, and stipulates that all supplies of military supplies and the transport of goods between the military use 2D codes. In addition to the packaging logo as logistics supplies, 2D barcodes are also very useful for personnel identification. The 2D barcode can be used for military ID cards. Military medical certificates, military driver's licenses, and access certificates for places of high security and high security requirements. Machine reading ability and anti-counterfeiting ability are important signs of a new generation of documents. The two-dimensional bar codes have been widely used by the military in the United States, France, and Germany.
Third, the characteristics and application of radio frequency automatic identification technology According to the United States "Army Logistics" (February - January 1999) report: A report released by the US Department of Defense in 1992 pointed out that in the "Desert Phoenix" operation, due to accumulation Rushan's combat assets could not be identified effectively, resulting in a $2.7 billion component that did not come in handy. According to estimates by the US Army, if there is a method and means that can effectively identify the location of containers and the names of materials in containers, it can save about 2 billion US dollars. In fact, a specific item search system developed using radio frequency technology can solve this problem.
The radio frequency identification (RFID) system is mainly composed of a radio frequency card and an RF interrogator. RF cards, ie non-contact IC cards, do not touch the radio frequency card when they are working, but instead transmit and receive electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency to achieve information exchange. RFID can automatically obtain information and enter it directly into the computer without human intervention. RF automatic identification technology has the following features.
1. Non-contact non-contact and therefore can be identified during exercise.
Avoid contact, it is not afraid of dirt, reduce the impact of the use of the environment on the performance.
2. Large-capacity RF cards have active and passive points. They can also be read-only and read. Its internal can have RAM, EPROM, EEPROM, memory capacity can be from tens of bytes to several megabytes.
3. Easy to use, small size, light weight, easy to carry; free from contact, easy to use.
4. Strong confidentiality has the unique non-replicability, a Variety of data encryption methods, safe and reliable.
5. The network requires lower absolute security and reliability of the IC card and features of large capacity, which reduces the real-time and sensitivity requirements of the computer network in applications, which is beneficial to use in environments with low network quality.
The application of radio frequency automatic identification technology in packaging marks mainly includes the search for specific items and the tracking and positioning of logistics materials.
1. The specific item search system consists of a radio frequency card and a handheld RF interrogator. Radio frequency cards are installed on containers (or large boxes) as packaging marks. When looking for an item, the interrogator may issue an interrogation signal based on the item's name and code. The radio frequency card on the container containing the item sends a reply signal to indicate that the container is within the search range; activate with the interrogator. The sounder on the radio frequency card can find the container acoustically; if the sound is beyond the hearing range, it can be searched according to the distance and direction displayed by the rangefinder.
2. Logistic material tracking positioning RF interrogators are installed at intersections (hot spots, theaters), railway terminals, and bridges. These mounting points are called "knuckle joint" RF cards and are packaged on containers (or large boxes). When the transport vehicle passes these "lost nodes", the RF interrogator reads the transport data on the RF card and sends it to the RF receiver. After receiving the data, the radio frequency receiving device transmits it to a dedicated server. By accessing the server (key data such as container number, RF card number, and file number), the device can track and locate these materials and obtain relevant information about the shipment materials.
IV. Conclusion In the 21st century, one of the trends in packaging is the development from protective packaging to functional packaging. Functional packaging includes smart packaging, stealthy packaging, anti-electromagnetic packaging, etc. Automatic identification technology is applied to the packaging logo to realize intelligent packaging. (Author: Logistical Engineering University Department of Physics, Zhu Xia Xiao Shucheng Chenjun Bin Huang Yongqiang Yao Xiaoling)