Abstract : Green packaging is an important part of green manufacturing technology. The theory, standard and manufacturing model of green packaging are introduced. Problems that should be paid attention to in green packaging application are discussed.
Keywords: green packaging environmental protection clean production
Entering the 21st century, protecting the environment - saving resources - controlling the population has become the three major problems that must be solved in the sustainable development of the whole society. For the packaging industry, the traditional transformation of green packaging and the development of green packaging are a real revolution in the packaging industry. Changes involving ideas and design concepts also involve changes in packaging materials, production processes, circulation use, and waste disposal to meet the need to protect the environment and conserve resources. These changes must rely heavily on the development of modern science and technology. The results, guided by advanced technology theory, advanced technology standards as the criterion, advanced computer technology - material technology and manufacturing technology as a means.
1 Green theory
One of the key issues is how to scientifically evaluate the environmental resource performance of packaging in the implementation of green packaging of green packaging/development of environmentally friendly green packaging. American scientists first proposed the theory of life cycle in the 1980s, that is, from the design and production of products. The whole process of circulation, use, disposal, and recycling until the recycling process has an impact on the environment (resources) to evaluate the product's environmental (resource) performance, rather than evaluating it from one aspect. Using this theory) or method (evaluating the product The environmental or resource performance can avoid one-sided view of the problem / Therefore, the life cycle analysis method (LCA) has received more and more attention internationally in recent years and has become an important method and production to evaluate the performance of the product or packaging environment (resources). Theme theory of green products (including green packaging).
1.1 Packaging life cycle analysis method
Applying the product life cycle theory to packaging (whose meaning includes packaging product-material-technology) is called packaging life cycle analysis method, and its definition can be described as following certain packaging target requirements (reducing environmental pollution or saving natural resources) , From the whole life cycle of packaging products, that is, raw material extraction - production, processing, transportation, sales, use, disposal, recycling, and finally processing, a quantitative comparison is used to conduct a method of analysis and research. Its purpose is to Throughout the entire life cycle / comparative evaluation of the packaging product's environmental (resources) performance, or to make packaging products - materials - technology to minimize the negative impact on the environment, the highest comprehensive utilization of resources.
1.2 Contents and Steps of Packaging Life Cycle Analysis
(1) Determination of goals and scopes The determination of targets is to determine the intended application of research, such as reducing environmental pollution, saving resources, or both; it determines the direction and depth of research; and determining the scope of research is to determine the production cycle of the analyzed product. Each link and its process determines the breadth of the research. At the same time, it clearly defines the time limit and geographical area for analysis, and clearly analyzes the functional requirements of the packaged product. This is the premise of the study.
(2) Cataloging/collecting data on the consumption of energy and raw materials as well as wastes discharged to the environment (earth, air, water) during the various stages of the life cycle of the analyzed packaging products Identification and quantitative analysis to assess the environmental burden of packaging products throughout the life cycle.
(3) Assessing the impact on the environment Based on the data list, assess the impact of various wastes on the environment / quantify as much as possible so as to provide the basis for reducing the environmental pollution and take measures. The assessment is divided into three steps: classification, qualitative and evaluation. It is the quantification of the data list that categorizes the environmental pollution into various types of impact, such as pollution to the earth - pollution of air - pollution of the ocean - destruction of the ozone layer, etc. Qualitative means mainly in a quantitative way, according to Determine the size of the impact on the degree of environmental pollution. It includes the quantitative value of the effect of the environmental impact; how much this effect is caused; how often and how long the frequency of the impact occurs within the scope of the impact; How long is the duration in the range; how much impact the emissions per unit weight have on the environment; what is the approximate cost of reducing emissions per unit of weight, etc. In quantitative calculation methods, many European countries have proposed various models/but All are not perfect. The Committee on Standards (CEN) is working on a model and calculation for packaging life cycle analysis. Law.
Evaluation is the result of quantification: determine the relative importance of each impact category.
1.3 Significance of packaging life cycle analysis methods
Packaging life cycle analysis method is a scientific method based on system engineering to evaluate the performance of packaging environment. Its key role lies in its breadth of research and system analysis. System analysis is to take the relevant elements of the problem to be solved as a system, and determine the target, system analysis, optimization calculation, and system evaluation to obtain the optimal solution. In the past, improvements in the environmental performance of the packaging were often fragmented on separate issues, such as improving the environmental behavior of a particular operation, or making a package 'recyclable', and lacking systematic consideration of the problem, resulting in the loss of The one-sided or lack of overall considerations often leads to the result that after a certain problem is solved, the result is not worth the gains. If the packaging of the product is only considered to improve its packaging once, the pollution to the environment is reduced, and the secondary packaging of the product is not considered or ignored. Packaging and three-time packaging (transport and packaging) may change along with it, which in turn brings with it the overall consequences of increasing environmental pollution. For example, in the production of packaging products, it is often used to reduce energy consumption and reduce various Emissions need to be replaced with raw materials, but if you do not compare old and new raw materials from the entire life cycle, it may lead to more energy consumption and waste discharge during the extraction and processing of the replaced raw materials, which will have a worse impact on the environment. "Similarly, in the recycling of packaging waste, it is also necessary to determine the results of life cycle analysis. The recycling method, because the recycling process itself is also an industrial process, it also needs to consume energy and discharge wastes, and without analysis and comparison, it may have unfavorable consequences.Thus, the package life cycle analysis method is complicated and cumbersome, and it is called from the cradle to The analysis technology of the grave, but its system analysis thought can evaluate the environmental performance more scientifically or obtain long-term economic benefits than relying on assumptions or solving problems alone. Therefore, as computer technology develops day by day, it will become more and more vital. For the development of green packaging to play a greater role.(To be continued)