DRUPA2000 demonstrates the new technologies and development prospects of the future print media. The new technological revolution will enable the printing industry to become digitalized and move toward personalized on-demand printing to achieve leapfrog development. The transformation of high-tech science and technology to traditional industries also puts forward new requirements for the reform of the post-printing process. In order to completely change the backwardness after printing, promote post-printing process reform and technological innovation, and quickly improve the level of post-press processing, the Postpress Technology Innovation Center, China Baoxie Paper Products Information Center, Zhengdatian New Materials Research Institute, and Henan The “Printing Technology Innovation Market Symposium†jointly held by the Provincial Printing Binding Technology Plant has reached consensus on several features of the unbalanced development of the printing industry in today’s printing industry.
I. Several important features of today's printing industry technology development 1. The State Economic and Trade Commission and the Press and Publications Administration are extremely concerned about the technological progress of China's printing industry.
In accordance with the directives of the 15th CPC National Congress on “strengthening management, adjusting structure, and improving quality†of the press and publication industry, the competent authorities have clarified the guiding ideology of the Chinese printing industry to be market-oriented and rely on scientific and technological advancement to innovate continuously, and require China’s printing and equipment equipment. By 2010, the industry has reached a new goal of “prepress digital, networking, multi-color printing, high efficiency, diversified and automated printing, and high-quality and serialized equipmentâ€. By the end of 1999, there were 2,038 kinds of printed newspapers, with a total of 31.838 billion copies, 141.80 million books, 7.316 billion copies, 8187 periodicals, and 2.846 billion copies. During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, a total of 68 standards were formulated and revised. Among them, there are 36 national standards and 32 industry standards. The technological transformation and development of the national press and publishing industry has invested more than 2 billion yuan.
2. The structure of the printing industry has mainly focused on commercial printing from newspapers and other media.
Commercial advertising, forms, packaging, etc. have gradually become the main body of printing. As of 1999, China had a total of 151,900 printing companies. Among them, books and periodicals printed more than 1,200 fixed-point companies at the national and provincial levels, accounting for 0.78% of the total. The number of policy-oriented newspapers and newspapers has reduced the volume of such publications. According to statistics, in the first half of this year, Hebei Province printed a total of 779,000 reams of textbooks and supplementary books, a decrease of 148,000 reams over the same period of last year. Sichuan has only reduced the total yard size of 400 million yuan by canceling the subscription of social, historical, and geographic teaching aids in primary and secondary schools. As the oldest Guangdong Xinhua Printing Factory in Guangdong Province, the state-owned printing company, the reduction caused by the “reduction of burden†accounted for about 15% of the total production of the plant. Shanghai freshmen have dropped from 240,000 at the peak to 70,000 this year. Due to the above-mentioned various reasons, the fixed-point printing plants at all levels (and also the printing pillar enterprises in China) are struggling. The rapid development of emerging printing companies with commercial printing as their main body, with the advantages of accurate positioning, advanced equipment, reliable quality, high efficiency, and excellent service, has emerged as an important pillar of the printing industry and has occupied a new printing market.
3. The overall layout of the printing industry is not balanced.
Due to the investment made by Hong Kong, Taiwanese and overseas compatriots in the initial period of reform and opening up, technological innovation in open coastal areas is obviously superior to inland areas, especially in the west. According to a survey of 880 printing companies with annual sales of RMB 10 million yuan, 50% of companies are engaged in packaging and printing, 29% of companies are engaged in printing of books and periodicals, 21% of companies are engaged in other printing, and are mainly concentrated in Guangdong, East China, and municipalities directly under the Central Government. In other regions, only Guangdong Province accounted for 18.6% of the total number of enterprises. The advanced level of these equipments and the complete processing methods of printing enterprises account for only 5% of the total amount of enterprises according to the number of enterprises. However, the total annual sales revenue accounts for 51% of the total amount. It bears a large amount of domestic demand and has high quality requirements. Print production (such as cigarette packets, labels, magazines, newspapers, etc.). Due to the higher asset size and larger production volume, the industries have higher barriers to entry, and quality and service are their important bargaining chips for customers. The trend of “living in and out of the country†and “Northern Living and South Indian†have continued unabated. A small part of the region continued to develop, and most of the inland provinces had significant contrasts in the potential market for technological innovation.
4. In the course of technological progress, there is a clear gap in the speed of prepress, printing, and postpress of the printing industry.
With the rapid development of the computer industry and the popularization of Internet technology in the world, the printing and publishing industry has been affected by digitalization and networking as a traditional information industry. When China's electronic laser photocopying and discharging system reached the international advanced level, it began to adopt advanced information collection, storage, and delivery technologies before printing. Through the combination of hardware and software technology and multi-level, multi-mode program development means, the prepress information transmission has reached the level of automation and intelligence.
The rapid development of multi-color offset printing in various printing companies has already taken shape in China's printing industry. Fast printing, personalized printing, and on-demand printing have become new trends in the printing industry under the development of market economy. More than 20 digital presses such as Indigo, Agfa, Xeikon and Xerox have been applied in China, further increasing the technological content of printing in China.
Compared with the rapid development of prepress and printing, labor-intensive printing is even more backward. Extensive type of postpress processing is still based on manual labor or semi-mechanized operation. Obviously affect the quality of high-speed, fine print, restricting the overall rapid development of the printing industry.
Second, the basic situation of China's current post-press processing Postpress in the printing of books and magazines is mainly focused on the binding process; in the packaging and printing performance for the film, coating, die-cutting, indentation, hot stamping and other aluminum technology. More often than not, post-press finishing and book printing are compatible and compatible.
Because of the influence of factors such as process design and implementation, organization and coordination of production operations, equipment technical performance and maintenance, and material quality determination and selection, the binding process not only has low production efficiency, but also has obvious quality problems. According to the statistics of relevant departments, the reason for the unsatisfactory quality of books and periodicals printing is that more than 60% of them are due to binding.
Lamination and glazing are the conventional processes for finishing the surface after printing. There is a common production process that produces pollution during the production process and is prone to fire. The traditional laminating and wet laminating films are prone to blistering and release. Qu et al. Solvent-based, UV-type coating is prone to problems such as color printing or disappearance of metallic color. At the same time, the film coating and polishing products processed by this traditional production process all have odor migration and affect the later issues of the quality of the packaged goods.
Hot stamping anodized aluminum is the development of hot stamping to multi-color, multi-layout, and new materials. At present, there are problems such as color fading, color fading, and color loss after laminating and electro-aluminization. There are also new problems that can easily come off after stamping anodized aluminum on super bright card paper.
The main problems are:
1. The craft backward binding process is still based on the manual work of iron wire. The unavoidable arbitrariness of the manual operation of the complex procedures from the inside leaflet to the hot back book is a gene that is difficult to guarantee the development and quality of productivity.
The film coating equipment introduced in the 1980s is a compounding machine. The process principle is gluing - drying - compounding. In order to adapt to the production operation of this model, the compound adhesive must undergo solid state change from liquid to liquid (facilitate coating on the machine) and from liquid to solid state (to form a bond). It is precisely for the operability of the film production that it is necessary to invest a large amount (≥80%) of organic solvent first, and then give a high-power new thermal energy (6~12kW) to volatilize the organic solvent when the phase changes. This kind of process is the result of a large amount of pollution generated in the process of production, which is detrimental to the physical and mental health of the operators, and destroys the cleanliness of the surrounding environment; it is extremely prone to sudden fires and does not provide reliable guarantees for safe production; the products after the film are prone to mass production. Foaming, filming quality accidents; after the film is coated, the product is prone to odor migration caused by the volatilization of the residual organic solvent, and the fundamental problem of all kinds of odor deterioration caused by the packaged goods.
The coating process includes both coating and calendering processes and UV coating. The drying technology of the liquid coating coating to the solid state conversion makes it possible that the surface is dry while the inside cannot be dried at the same time during processing, and the internal drying of the coating continues to affect the color of the printing ink layer and change the problem.
2. Equipment Defects After manually binding the spine to brush the adhesive, the backing board borrowed from the front and back sides of the album when misplacing the edge glue, and sticking off the adhesive applied on the spine, changes the original leveling of the glue.
Hot-back setting temperature control when hand-binding, rarely with automatic adjustment function. When the temperature is low, the drying is poor and the book spine is deformed; when the temperature is high, the drying is too fast, the local shrinks abruptly or the coating film surface is emptied or melted.
Most glue-binding equipment does not use FM technology. The book transport speed is not synchronized with the milling back frequency, and it does not meet the standard that different books should be opened in different quantities. Coupled with the defects of the milling cutter structure, it is easy to make the milling slot of the inner album too dense and shallow, and the glue hot melt adhesive is not easy to perfuse. The reverse coating structure of the film coating device is an independent power drive. The mismatch with the composite host results in more or less error in the amount of glue applied, which affects the stability of the adhesive force.
In the drying device of the film coating equipment, there are actually three different temperature zones and three concentration zones that are opposite to the effective evaporation of the organic solvent in the same dry tunnel, resulting in waste of resources and failing to achieve the desired bonding effect.
Film coating equipment and plastic film discharge mechanism design together, so that the concentration of volatile organic solvent concentration in the region, is positively in the film discharging electrostatic field. The static sparks and the highest concentration of extremely flammable and explosive volatilization gases are the root cause of the sudden fire caused by the wet glue compounding process. The heat-resistance of the thermocompression-bonding mechanism of the film-covering equipment is generally unreliable due to the fact that the diameter of the heating drum is too small, the wall of the tube is thin, the thickness of the tube wall is uneven, and the thermal conductivity of the single-cavity air medium is structurally designed and produced.
The coating thickness of glazing equipment lacks a reliable regulating device and cannot meet the requirements for film coating of glazing coatings.
The drying equipment of coating equipment lacks the deep drying function, so that the drying only shows the degree of surface layer.
Hot stamping anodized aluminum equipment is just a hot press main structure of layout replacement. There is no pretreatment device for processing the substrate surface. Therefore, when processing a new type of substrate, quality cannot be guaranteed only by hot pressing.
3. The material of the old hand-binding adhesive is all hydration type, concentration control is not standard. Not only cause instability of the adhesion, shrinkage after drying, but also makes the wire nail easy to rust.
The main component of adhesive hot melt adhesives is still EVA. Paraffin wax regulates its fluidity, tackifying resins reflect its viscosity, talcum powder increases its hardness, and titanium dioxide changes its color. The materials in the constituent components are contradictory combinations. The infiltration of the book block depends on the fluidity at high temperatures. This guarantee of fluidity is just an inducing factor for accelerating the aging of the hot melt adhesive, reducing the adhesive force, and significantly worsening the low temperature brittleness. At the same time, it also misled the binding companies to use color and price as the selection criteria when they were not put into use. It also reversed the low-level vicious competition of hot melt adhesive manufacturers.
Solvent-based solvent-based adhesives are customary materials. The fierce competition in the processing of low-cost coated films has tended to use solvent-based adhesives that appear to be low in price and high in actual cost, and forced adhesive producers to use alternative combinations to ensure their survival at low prices. Composition materials. This in turn increases the pollution of the production process and the quality of the product after lamination. The composition of glue-adhesive hot-melt adhesives, film-covered adhesives, glazing coatings and other materials is basically based on foreign early patent data and uses materials and technologies that have been eliminated in foreign advanced countries.
4. Weak technology The composition of the post-imprint basic team is the prepress and post-screening membership. Compared with prepress and printing production processes, the cultural level is relatively low and the age structure is too large. Assault production and processing, and many rural idle labor temporarily supplemented to the manual operation of the production line. Post-press staff rarely receive systematic training. Most of them lack the basic knowledge of printing, basically making post-printing physically redundant workers.
Some of the production staff of technical positions lacked necessary professional knowledge and assessments for induction training, lacked common sense in machinery and necessary basic maintenance, maintenance, and adjustment skills. They could not play the normal efficiency of advanced machinery, and they lacked the ability to improve equipment. It is even more evident in high-tech imported automation production lines.
There are many producers who do not understand the characteristics of paper as the main printing substrate and do not understand the different changes in the substrate's impact on the climate.